Ecological Pyramids Virtual Lab
http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078802849/383926/BL_02.html
Place the organisms in the correct trophic levels to complete the pyramids for the 5 different ecosystems in
the table. After you have correctly placed all the organisms fill in the data in the tables for the pyramids of
numbers and energy.
1. Data for Pyramid of Energy
Producers
Ecosystem (amount of energy) st 1 Order Heterotrophs
(amount of energy) nd 2 Order Heterotrophs
(amount of energy) rd 3 Order Heterotrophs
(amount of energy) Deciduous Forest
Hot Desert
Grassland
Antarctic Ocean
Shore
Freshwater Lake
Now you can ask yourself, “how well does the energy transfer from one trophic level to the next?” What you
want to know is how much energy is left over from one trophic level to the next. To do this you will
complete a “conversion efficiency” between each tropic level. To do this you divide the energy at the higher
energy level by the energy at the lower trophic level. This gives you a ratio that you can use for comparison,
write your answer as a decimal. Complete this for all three of your ecosystems.
EXAMPLE
st
1 Order Heterotrophs (amount of energy)
744 units of energy
0.0992
Producers (amount of energy)
7,500 units of energy = 2. Energy conversion efficiency table
st
1 Order Heterotrophs
Ecosystem
(amount of energy)
Producers
(amount of energy) 2nd Order Heterotrophs
(amount of energy)
st 1 Order Heterotrophs
(amount of energy) = rd 3 Order Heterotrophs
(amount of energy)
nd 2 Order Heterotrophs
(amount of energy) 1. Deciduous Forest
2. Hot Desert
3. Grassland
4. Antarctic Ocean
Shore
5. Freshwater Lake
3. If you round-off your numbers above which of the following decimal numbers most closely matches ALL
your numbers?
A. 0.23
B. 0.10
C. 0.30
D. 0.01 This exercise shows you that
% of energy from the lower level is available to the next level up.
th
With this information complete the flow chart below that shows how much
Top Carnivore (4 consumers)
unit(s) of energy
energy will be found at each level for the generalize ecosystem,
(one has been done for you).
nd Omnivores (2 consumers)
units of energy rd Carnivores (3 consumers)
units of energy st Herbivores (1 consumers)
Producers 1000 units of energy units of energy 4. This exercise shows you that _____% of energy from the lower level is available to the next level up.
Producers units of energy =
Omnivores units of energy =
Carnivores units of energy =
Top carnivores units of energy = 5. Data for Pyramid of Numbers
Producers
Ecosystem
(# of Individuals) st 1 Order Heterotrophs
(# of Individuals) nd 2 Order Heterotrophs
(# of Individuals) rd 3 Order Heterotrophs
(# of Individuals) Deciduous Forest
Hot Desert
Grassland
Antarctic Ocean
Shore
Freshwater Lake
6. Does the population size increase or decrease at higher trophic levels in the pyramid of numbers for all of
your ecosystems? Explain your answer.
7. What might happen to an ecological pyramid of numbers in a forest ecosystem if most of the deer were
killed due to hunting by people and disease?
8. What would happen to an ecosystem if the decomposers disappeared?
9. Could there be a food chain without herbivores and carnivores?
10. Compare and contrast two of the ecosystems you studied. How is the energy conversion efficiency similar or
different?

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