Cancer Biology Exam 3 Your Name: USE THE SCANTRON FOR QUESTIONS 1-45. Multiple choice/true-false/open
answer: there is only one correct choice per question: 2 pts each
1. Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 major types stem cells?
a. adult stem cells
b. bone marrow cells
c. embryonic stem cells
d. induced pluripotent stem cells
2. Which of the following is TRUE regarding human embryonic stem cells?
a. they are transient
b. they exist in adults
c. they cannot be reprogrammed to produce various cell types
d. they reside in the intestinal crypt
3. Adult stem cell can be found in all of the following anatomic locations EXCEPT:
a. skin
b. heart
c. lung
d. gut
4. Cells that proliferate subsequent to stem cell differentiation are termed:
a. transit amplifying cells
b. transitionally proliferating cells
c. pluripotent cells
d. differentiated cells
5. Dolly the cloned sheep was produced by:
a. inserting an embryonic egg cell nucleus into an enucleated adult sheep skin
(body) cell
b. inserting an adult skin (body) cell nucleus into an enucleated adult sheep egg
cell
c. fusing a female egg cell with a male sperm cell
d. fusing a male sperm cell with an enucleated adult female skin (body) cell
6. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are created by:
a. inserting specific genes into adult somatic cells
b. fusing adult somatic cells
c. inserting embryonic nuclei into adult somatic cells
d. fusing an adult cell nucleus with an embryonic cell
7. Adult stem cells that undergo somatic mutations may do all of the following EXCEPT:
a. replicate / propagate
b. give rise to mutant daughter cells
c. undergo malignant transformation
d. differentiate into normal cells Cancer Biology Exam 3 Your Name: 8. Cancer stem cells can be identified by which of the following:
a. specific cell surface markers
b. their genetic make-up
c. their association with other kinds of cells
d. their appearance
9. The two signaling pathways that promote cancer stem cell self renewal are:
a. Hippo and Campus
b. Wnt and Hedgehog
c. MAPK and PI3K
d. Akt and NFkB
10. In the absence of Wnt, all of the following are true for beta-catenin EXCEPT:
a. it is serially phosphorylated
b. it is ubiquitinated
c. it is degraded in the protosome
d. it is available to associate with TCF/LEF
11. Intestinal (colon) stem cells require which of the following to keep from
differentiating?
a. hepatocyte growth factor
b. fibroblast growth factor
c. epidermal growth factor
d. keritinocyte growth factor
12. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the sequence of events after hedgehog
binds Patched?
a. Inhibition of Smoothened is relieved
b. Sufu and PKA release Gli
c. Gli target genes are transcribed
d. Gli target genes are repressed
13. All of the following are true regarding the PML-RARα fusion protein EXCEPT:
a. it induces the self-renewal of Acute Promyelociyic Leukemia (APL) cells
b. it blocks differentiation
c. it can be blocked by high pharmacological levels of retinoic acid (RA)
d. it can be blocked by physiological levels of retinoic acid (RA)
14. The basement membrane can be breached by:
a. collagens
b. nidogens
c. proteases
d. laminins Cancer Biology Exam 3 Your Name: 15. Loss of the basement membrane is associated with:
a. a high probability of developing distant metastases
b. a low probability of developing distant metastases
c. tumor withdrawal
d. extravasation
16. Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) requires all of the following EXCEPT:
a. the breaking of adherens junctions
b. the up-regulation of E-cadherin
c. the down-regulation of N-cadherin
d. vascularization
17. The process of intravasation requires all of the following EXCEPT:
a. attachment of tumor cells to the exterior ('stromal') surface of a blood vessel
b. attachment of tumor cells to the internal ('luminal') surface of a blood vessel
c. secretion of proteases
d. degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM)
18. Lymph nodes, lung, liver, brain and bone marrow are frequent sites of metastasis
because:
a. tumor cells have affinity for those sites
b. these are the first places reached by tumor cells
c. these are the sites of tiny capillaries
d. none of these sites are frequent sites of metastasis
19. Extravasation requires all of the following EXCEPT:
a. tissue parenchyma
b. platelets
c. proteases
d. tumor cell proliferation
20. All of the following are true about Angiogenesis EXCEPT:
a. it is the process of forming new blood vessels
b. it is not essential for metastasis
c. it occurs through 'sprouting'
d. it occurs because tumors must be within the diffusion limit of oxygen to survive
21. Components of the Angiogenic Switch include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. angiostatin
b. E-cadherin
c. VEGF
d. anti- and pro-angiogenic factors Cancer Biology Exam 3 Your Name: 22. The VEGF Receptors are:
a. steroid receptors
b. cytokine receptors
c. tyrosine kinase receptors
d. G-protein coupled receptors
23. Under hypoxic conditions, which of the following is FALSE?
a. prolyl-4-hydroxylase is activated
b. HIFα is activated
c. the VEGF gene is transcribed
d. Angiogenesis is activated
24. Tumors can be vascularization by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Angiogenesis
b. Vascoxia
c. Vascular Mimicry
d. Vasculogenesis
25. Which of the following tumor imaging modalities requires ionizing radiation?
a. PET
b. CT (CAT)
c. MRI
d. X-rays
26. Which of the following is NOT part of the pre-metastatic niche?
a. white blood cells
b. bone marrow cells
c. exosomes
d. tumor cells
27. An MMP inhibitor used to treat metastatic cancer is:
a. vinblastin
b. tamoxifen
d. doxycycline
e. cisplatin
28. Anti-angiogenic drugs used to treat metastatic cancer include all of the following
EXCEPT:
a. avastin (bevacizumab)
b. sunitinib
c. gefitinib
d. cabozantinib Cancer Biology Exam 3 Your Name: 29. Which of the following regarding Adaptive Immunity is FALSE?
a. it is mediated by neutrophils
b. it requires the activity of Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)
c. it is characterized by immunological memory
d. it helps kill cancer cells
30. Activated cytotoxic T-Cells kill cancers by all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT:
a. responding to tumor antigens 'presented' by APCs and T-Helper Cells
b. phagocytosis of cancer cells
c. secrete peroforins that poke holes in tumor cell membranes
d. secrete granzymes that digest and kill tumor cells
31. Tumor cells can 'evade' detection by the immune system through:
a. killing immune cells
b. staying in areas of the body where immune cells can't go
c. pretending to be immune cells
d. expressing checkpoint inhibitors on their cell membranes
32. Which ligand/receptor pair prevents T-cell activation?
a. MHCI /MHC II
b. PD-1/PDL-1
c. EGF/EGFR
d. VEGF/VEGFR
33. The T-cell receptor targeted by Ketruda or Opdivo is:
a. MHCII
b. EGFR
c. PD-1
d. VEGFR
34. The overall strategy for drug development includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. identifying a molecular target
b. optimization and formulation
c. pre-clinical studies
d. innoculation
35. A 'lead compound' in drug development is the:
a. optimized compound
b. final version of the compound
c. first active compound identified
d. formulated compound Cancer Biology Exam 3 Your Name: 36. Pharmacokinetics is:
a. what the body does to the drug
b. what solubility characterizes the drug
c. what the drug does to the body
d. what the melting point is of the drug
37. Pharmacodynamics is:
a. what the body does to the drug
b. what solubility characterizes the drug
c. what the drug does to the body
d. what the melting point is of the drug
38. Which of the following is TRUE regarding a drug's Therapeutic Window?
a. it is the dosage range that provides maximal results with minimal side effects
b. it is the maximal dosage tolerable by the body
c. it is the minimal effective dose
d. it is the dose with the highest cytostatic and cytotoxic effects
39. All of the following are TRUE regarding Phase I Clinical Trials EXCEPT:
a. they measure safety
b. they typically enroll <100 participants
c. they are intended to determine the minimal tolerable dose (MTD) of a drug
d. they are intended to determine the maximal tolerable dose (MTD) of a drug
40. The typical Phase I study design is termed a:
a. 3 + 3 design
b. 2 + 2 design
c. preliminary design
d. experimental design
41. All of the following are true regarding of Phase II Clinical Trials EXCEPT:
a. they test drug efficacy
b. they determine the drug response in specific types of cancer
c. they determine whether a drug can replace the standard of care
d. they extend our knowledge of the drug's pharmacogenomics and
pharmacokinetics profiles
42. Which of the following is NOT part of a blinded clinical trial design?
a. patients are randomized into experimental drug and placebo groups
b. the patient does not know if he/she is receiving the drug or placebo
c. the patient knows if he/she is receiving the drug or placebo
d. neither the patient nor clinician/researcher knows whether the patient is
receiving the drug or placebo Cancer Biology Exam 3 Your Name: 43. The primary endpoint of a Phase II Clinical Trials is:
a. tumor size reduction
b. the drug tolerability at a specific dose
c. a molecular correlate (biomarker)
d. patient survival
44. The 'gold standard' endpoint of a Phase III Clinical Trial is:
a. increased progression-free survival
b. increased overall survival
c. disease stabilization
d. tumor regression
45. A limiting factor in deciding whether a drug can replace standard of care is:
a. limited accessibility
b. high cost
c. high percentages of Grade 3 or 4 adverse events
d. the length of time it takes to gain FDA approval Cancer Biology Exam 3 Your Name: ESSAY (10 pts): Choose ONE of the following essays to answer out of
the two provided. Do not answer both, I will only grade the first one.
ESSAY ONE
Explain what's going on in
this diagram: cancer stem cell
specific therapy tumor
regression tumor a. Which cell(s) is/are the
cancer stem cell (s)?
Describe some properties of
these cells that make them
unique.
b. What are the other nonstem cells? How did they
originate? conventional
cancer therapy tumor
relapse c. How do the differences between cancer stem and cancer non-stem cells
affect therapeutic strategies and efficiencies (refer to the figure to answer)? Cancer Biology Exam 3 Your Name: ESSAY TWO As shown, this initial
TRANSFORMED CELL has
grown into a sizable PRIMARY
TUMOR. This tumor is now in
the process of METASTASIS. B A
C
D E
F For each of the labeled areas A, B, D, D, E and F - describe
the composition (what is it) and
what aspect of metastasis it
represents (is this a specific
step in metastasis? What are
the cells doing in this step? How
is this step contributing to the
metastatic process?
BE SPECIFIC!

 

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