1.  What are the visual elements that all artists use? 

       A. Paint, pencil, ink, clay, canvas   B. Color, inspiration, energy, light   C. Space, line, shape, light, texture, color   D. Nature, action, line, texture, color

2.  The Venus of Willendorf was a sculpture of a 

       A. goddess.   B. female fertility figure.   C. shaman.   D. Buddha.

3.  Which of the following is a component of every great work of art? 

       A. A realistic presentation of factual material   B. An original vision of the world   C. Brushstrokes that clearly define spatial limits   D. Images that are recognized as beautiful

4.  The earliest known paintings were created by _______ and featured mostly animals such as bulls or horses. 

       A. hunting tribes in Europe   B. Japanese painters   C. Greek potters   D. cave dwellers in Africa

5.  The unique quality of folk art is that it's 

       A. an expression of the artist's experience.   B. an artist's quick impression of a subject.   C. more primitive than any other art form.   D. created by an untrained artist.

6.  The naturalistic representations of wild animals and humans created by Ice Age hunters on the walls of caves in what is now France and Spain 

       A. were created solely to decorate people's living quarters.   B. were intended to be admired as the works of individual artists.   C. were most likely used by their creators in magical rites.   D. are simplified and awkward and resemble the art of children.

7.  What was one of the techniques Leonardo used to create the illusion that the Mona Lisa was a real person? 

       A. He used chiaroscuro to add volume and depth to her body and light to her eyes.   B. His commitment to precise reality made the figure look real.   C. By not lining up the background on either side, he generated movement in her shoulders.   D. He used loose, expressive brushstrokes to enliven the figure.

8.  What is the first simple step in learning to appreciate art? 

       A. Learning to look   B. Figuring out the reason the artist created the work   C. Learning about the materials the artist used to create the work   D. Understanding through formal analysis

9.  Picasso's Girl before a Mirror and Constable's The Haywain both demonstrate the fact that the colors used by an artist in a painting 

       A. are sometimes naturalistic and sometimes arbitrary.   B. are not realistic and invented by the painter to convey an emotional content.   C. are not only naturalistic but also arbitrary.   D. don't really affect the spectator's understanding and appreciation of that work.

10.  The main reason an artist creates a piece of art is for 

       A. self-expression.   B. making political statements.   C. expression of magical thinking.   D. monetary rewards.

11.  How does Georgia O'Keeffe use two colors that generally clash to create harmony in her painting Two Calla Lilies on Pink? 

       A. She adds red to create energy.   B. She adds black to create dark edges.   C. She adds white to the colors to create pastel versions.   D. She adds blue to create calm.

12.  The new method of organizing space developed by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso is called 

       A. Cubism.   B. Expressionism.   C. Minimalism.   D. Impressionism.

13.  Works of art that can be viewed from all sides and have height, width, and depth are 

       A. abstract.   B. two-dimensional.   C. arbitrary.   D. three-dimensional.

14.  What significant compositional feature do Bramante's Tempietto and a Buddhist mandala have in common? 

       A. Both are ordered around a central point.   B. Both feature rectilinear formal elements.   C. Vanishing-point perspective unifies both.   D. They're both good example of artworks with figure-ground ambiguity.

15.  Classical Greek artworks are not usually regarded as expressions of 

       A. athletic strength and physical beauty.   B. monumental vigor and spiritual growth.   C. a balance of surrealism and rationalism.   D. realism balanced with idealism.

16.  Representations of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa appear in several twentieth-century artworks, including 

       A. Saar's The Liberation of Aunt Jemima.   B. Duchamp's L.H.O.O.Q.   C. Kahlo's The Little Deer.   D. Willem de Kooning's Woman and Bicycle.

17.  An artist can direct the viewer's attention to a particular area of a painting by using 

       A. sympathy of form and color.   B. a sense of rhythm and movement.   C. crossed lines that converge on one location.   D. parallel lines that follow the horizon. 

18.  What is the connection between religion and art? 

       A. People express their beliefs in physical forms, such as statues and paintings.   B. Early civilizations recognized the power of art to touch human emotions.   C. People believe that art awakens their senses.   D. Shamans and priests were the first artists. 

19.  Outside of Western culture, the _______ saw art as priceless during the Middle Ages. 

       A. Chinese   B. Russians   C. sub-Saharan Africans   D. Japanese

20.  In the Middle Ages in the Western world, most art was _______ in character. 

       A. urban   B. futurist   C. French   D. religious

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