BIO 107: CUMULATIVE STUDY GUIDE

NOTE: THIS STUDY GUIDE ONLY COVERS CHAPTERS 1-13 AND A PORTION OF CHAPTER 37/38. THIS IS THE ONLY MATERIAL THAT YOU WILL BE TESTED ON THE CUMULATIVE PORTION OF THE FINAL EXAM FOR THE ABOVE MENTIONED CHAPTERS. PLEASE NOTICE THAT FINAL EXAM WILL ALSO INCLUDE CHAPTER 14, 34 AND37. STUDY GUIDES WILL BE POSTED SEPARATELY FOR CHAPTER 14, 34 AND 37.

CHAPTER 1

1. Describe what is meant by the term ‘Biology’.
2. List and recognize examples of the characteristics displayed by living organisms.
3. Compare methods for categorizing living organisms according to the three Domains of Life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
4. Describe the levels of biological organization from molecule to the biosphere."
5. Recognize examples of and apply biology’s key themes (listed below) to various scientific discoveries.
6. Emergent Properties
7. Unity Within Diversity
8. Structure and Function
9. Acquiring and using energy
10. Regulation (Homeostasis)
11. Evolution and adaptation
12. Construct a hypothesis based on given observations and design an experiment to test it.
13. Read and interpret OR construct a graph from presented data. Graphs should contain a labeled x- and y-axis, title, units, and use correct data presentation (x-y scatterplot vs. bar graph).

CHAPTER 2

1. Define and differentiate between an atom, a molecule, ion, isotope, and radioactive isotope.
2. Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds.

CHAPTER 3

Bio 107 Cumulative Study Guide 1

1. Compare and contrast the four Macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) including their monomer and polymer names and the functions these macromolecules perform in living organisms.
2. Describe hydrolysis and Dehydration synthesis.

CHAPTER 4

12. State the Cell Theory and relate it to the theme of Unity and Diversity of living organisms.

13. Compare and contrast cells of organisms in the three Domains.

CHAPTER 5

1. State the first AND second law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy), relate its importance to living organisms, and provide or recognize examples of it.
2. Compare and contrast the transport mechanisms listed below, including the direction of movement and the energy source
3. Diffusion
4. Facilitated diffusion
5. Osmosis
6. Active Transport
7. Exocytosis
8. Endocytosis
9. Describe the role, and interpret, recognize, or provide examples of energy coupling (coupled reactions).
10. Characterize enzymes with respect to their biochemical composition, role in the cell, and mechanism(s) of action. Explain how enzyme catalyze reactions by lowering activation energy.

CHAPTER 6

1. Write the summary reaction of cellular respiration and indicate the reactants and products, their cellular sites of use or production, relative energy levels, which have become oxidized and which have become reduced, and how each relates to food and breathing.
2. Compare and contrast fermentation and cellular respiration in terms of reactants and products, reaction sequences, and maximum ATP yield per glucose.

CHAPTER 7

Bio 107 Cumulative Study Guide 2

1. Write the summary equation (reaction) of photosynthesis, and identify the reactants, the products, which reactants become reduced, which reactants become oxidized.
2. Compare and contrast the reactants and products of photosynthesis with the reactants and products of cellular respiration.
3. Define the terms autotroph and heterotroph and relate these to cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

CHAPTER 8

1. Briefly describe three functions of cell division.
2. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and relate these processes to the theme of “unity within diversity.” Compare and contrast the number of daughter cells produced, the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells, and the genetic composition of daughter cells compared to parents. Relate mitosis and meiosis to sexual versus asexual reproduction.
3. Compare and contrast advantages of sexual versus asexual reproduction.

CHAPTER 9

1. Solve genetics problems (i.e., determine offspring phenotypic and/or genotypic ratios, mode of inheritance, parental genotypes and/or phenotypes) involving genes exhibiting complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy, polygenic inheritance and X-linkage (sex linkage).
2. Describe hypotheses Mendel developed as a result of his breeding experiments and subsequently tested with further breeding experiments.

CHAPTER 10

1. Describe the mechanism of semiconservative replication of DNA. Include template strands, direction of replication (5’ to 3’ end), replication origin, replication bubble, replication fork, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase, continuous replication, discontinuous replication, Okazaki fragments, and RNA polymerase.
2. Describe the basic process of gene expression from transcription to translation including the importance of DNA, mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA, and amino acids. Correctly transcribe and translate a given DNA template strand.
3. Explain what is meant by the phrase “the genetic code is universal and redundant,” and state its significance to evolutionary biology.

CHAPTER 13

Bio 107 Cumulative Study Guide 3

1. Explain how data from each of the following scientific disciplines provides evidence for evolution.
2. Fossil record and radiometric dating.
3. Biogeography (distribution of plants and animals).
4. Comparative anatomy and embryology.
5. Molecular biology.
6. Describe how the following mechanisms contribute to evolution in a population
7. Natural Selection
8. Mutation
9. Sexual reproduction
10. Genetic drift
11. Gene flow
12. Nonrandom mating
13. Explain how an organism’s biological fitness is determined, and given a list of organisms determine
14. which is the most ‘fit.’

CHAPTER 37

34. State which organisms (plants or animals) perform cellular respiration and/or photosynthesis, and identify where they obtain the glucose to do the former.

Bio 107 Cumulative Study Guide 4 

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