Which society has the least sophisticated division of labor?
industrial
information based societies
hunting and gathering
agricultural
Which type of society has no permanent dwellings?
agricultural societies
information based societies
agricultural societies
hunting and gathering societies
For at least 90% of human history, human societies were of which type?
agricultural societies
industrial societies
hunting and gathering societies
information based societies
Which of the following is not a byproduct of the domestication of plants and animals?
people developed private property
social inequality began to be based on social classes, rather than on a person’s natural abilities
people learned to cook their food
people began to live in permanent settlements
Which society has the smallest number of members?
horticultural and pastoral
agricultural
industrial
hunting and gathering Next Which society has the most sophisticated division of labor?
industrial
horticultural and pastoral
agricultural
hunting and gathering
The switch from human and animal power to machine power is the hallmark of which type of society:
industrial
hunting and gathering
horticultural and pastoral
agricultural
Based on Mead’s perspective, individuals who powerfully impact the lives of children, such as parents or siblings are referred to as:
reference groups
familial groups
generalized others
significant others
In Freud’s theory of personality, the inborn drive for self­gratification is the
id
libido
superego
ego
In Freud’s theory of personality, the culture within us is represented by the
ego
superego
libido
id
In Freud’s theory of personality, the mediator between the opposing forces of culture and desire is the
libido
ego
superego id
The tendency for power in bureaucratic organizations to become concentrated in the hands of a few individuals is called:
the dictator principle
emergent autocrat phenomenon
the iron law of oligarchy
authoritarian drift
Which society is least characterized by organic solidarity?
agricultural
industrial
horticultural and pastoral
hunting and gathering
Which society is most characterized by mechanical solidarity?
horticultural and pastoral
hunting and gathering
industrial
agricultural
A social structure made up of a hierarchy of statuses and roles that is prescribed by explicit rules and procedures and based on a division of function and authority.
primary group
reference group
informal organization
bureaucracy
______ are statuses so powerful that they often reorient our identities.
conflicted statuses
master statuses
ascribed statuses
achieved statuses
_______ are statuses that are given to us based largely on our purposive actions.
conflicted statuses
ascribed statuses
master statuses
achieved statuses
_______ are statuses that we inherit or receive involuntarily:
conflicted statuses
master statuses
ascribed statuses
achieved statuses
When a person enters a total institution, he or she is often greeted with
they are desocialized to away the individual’s current identity and stamp a new one in its place
a health examination to determine if the person needs medical care
an orientation session to explain the goals of the institution
a personal identity kit to be used while in the institution
According to the lecture, the ability to put one’s self in other peoples’ shoes and see things from their
perspective
is an innate characteristic of humans
develops after the acquisition of language
is fully developed by the time a child can talk
develops earlier in people living in tribal and primitive societies
Based on his observationsand theorizing, Mead concluded that the “I” is the self as object
not only the self, but also the human mind is a social product
the “me” is the self as subject
the self, but not the human mind is a social product
The birthplace of sociology is generally considered to be
Europe
Canada
Australia
Japan
the United States
One of the most important aspects of the new attitude from the Enlightenment was an emphasis on
magic
religion
reason
prayer
Sociology is best defined as:
the study of social arrangements in the United States
the study of human social behavior
the study of human individual traits
primarily the study of pre­literate societies
Which of the following is not a feature of hunting and gathering societies?
Hunting and gathering societies have no written language
Hunting and gathering societies have no concept of money
Hunting and gathering societies rely heavily on cultivated grains like barley and oats
Hunting and gathering societies do not have domesticated livestock
Which of the following is an example of a social structure:
Military rank
Religious doctrines
Agriculture
Stone tools
The idea of the “looking glass self” posits that
our self­concept is based largely on the opinions and reactions of other people
no other animal besides chimpanzees and humans has a true sense of
self
we construct a social identity by putting our fantasies into action
the self exists independently of society
Sociologists have concluded that the feral children discussed in the text were
socially isolated
demon possessed
throwbacks to an earlier evolutionary era
autistic
The earliest stage in Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development occurs when infants learn directly through their senses. Piaget called this the
formal operational stage
preoperational stage
concrete operational stage
sensorimotor stage
A major accomplishment attained in the second stage of Piaget’s theory is the learning of symbols and language. This stage is called the:
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage
sensorimotor stage preoperational stage The last stage in Piaget’s theory is called the:
concrete operational stage
preoperational stage
sensorimotor stage
formal operational stage The stage in Piaget’s theory in which children learn to do arithmetic and take the role of the other is called the:
preoperational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage
sensorimotor stage
Psychologist Harry Harlow conducted experiments with rhesus monkeys raised in isolation and concluded that these monkeys
were not able to adjust to life with other monkeys
preferred food to comfort
would not seek emotional support from artificial mothers
instinctively adapted to social roles

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