The Non-delegation doctrine requires Congress to provide to administrative agencies sufficient standards to guide their actions so that a court can decide whether the agency implementing legislation has obeyed the will of Congress .

You are a Supreme Court Justice. Decide whether you think that Congress provided or did not provide clear intelligible principles (sufficient standards) to the agency administrator.

 How would you decide the following cases? (Write provided or did not provide and Explain why?)

1. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (1935)

Facts of the Case: Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) in 1933, which called for the creation of codes of fair competition for business. The law regulated trade practices, wages, hours, and other business activities. Trade groups could recommend codes, but if they were not offered the president could draft them himself. Additionally, the law regulated what, at the time, was considered intrastate commerce.

Schechter challenged the live poultry codes that set the maximum hours or work per week and the minimum wage for workers. The provisions also established health inspections and other regulations. Schechter Poultry Corp., located in New York, ignored the codes. It was fined for not conforming to slaughterhouse regulations and for selling unsanitary poultry found unfit for human consumption.

Legal question: May Congress delegate to the president the power to draft and enforce codes that regulate industries?

2. Industrial Union Dept. v. API (1980)

Facts of the Case: Acting under authority of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, the Secretary of Labor, after having demonstrated a link between exposure to benzene and leukemia, set a standard reducing the airborne concentrations of benzene to which workers could be exposed. The standard reduced the allowable amount from 10 parts per million (ppm) to one ppm.

Legal question: Did the Secretary exceed his authority to set standards?

3. Whitman v. American Trucking Associations (2001)

 Facts of the Case: Section 109(a) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator to promulgate national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for each air pollutant for which "air quality criteria" have been issued under section In 1997, Carol Browner, the Administrator of the EPA, revised the ozone and particulate matter NAAQS. Afterwards, her revised NAAQS were challenged in court. The District of Columbia Circuit found that section 109(b) (1), which instructs the EPA to set standards, delegated legislative power to the Administrator in contravention of the Federal Constitution because the court found that the EPA had interpreted the statute to provide no "intelligible principle" to guide the agency's exercise of authority.

 Legal question: Does section 109(b) (1) of the Clean Air Act unconstitutionally delegate legislative power to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency?

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