The study of anthropology can be divided into three major schools of thought: structural
functionalism, historical particularism, and contemporary ethnography. E.E. Evans-Pritchard
(E.P.) in his study of Nuer utilized the structural functionalist approach and focused on society as
a whole. Franz Boas studied the history of a culture to explain its current status and claimed that
the indigenous cultures are quite complex. Lastly, June Nash represents a shift in the way
ethnography was conducted and challenged old ideas about ethnography. Her contemporary
ethnography showed how individuals operate in a globalized world. Globalization is the
integration of powerful companies and government agencies among foreign people. While E.P.
and Boas didn’t discuss globalization, Nash did and discussed its impact on individuals which
sheds light on why globalization is problematic. Moreover, Nash focused heavily on the
individual and gave primary authorship to her subject, Juan Rojas, a tin miner in Bolivia.
Nash’s “I Spent My Life in the Mines” actor oriented ethnography utilized Geertz’s
model of dialogic storytelling. Her research presents issues such as social justice, power and the
individual's use of agency. For example, Rojas shares how the miners weren’t given enough
dynamite, and they protested but their efforts were of no use, so they made the best of what they
had (Nash 228). The superpowers exploiting the miners weren’t concerned about the miners'
hardships or their wellbeing but about maximizing profits through cheap labor. Nash’s work is
pivotal because she illustrates this power struggle, the exploitation of the miners and how
globalization is the root of all this. Terry Turner in his contemporary ethnography of the Kayapo
discussed the exploitation of Kayapo land by Brazilians and missionaries and in this way he also
challenged old ideas about ethnographic work. Cultural changes are inevitable because a culture
is constantly changing. In future work, I would like to see if there are changes in the health care that is provided to the miners because Rojas experiences clearly put forward how traumatic the
life of a miner can be.

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