Question description

 

Please do a paragraph about this post with this instruction .

post most have 4 or more sentences .

you also have to have a high quality post from a content perspective. This means it also needs to do more than agree with or praise a class mate. If you agree with a classmate, explain why, give an example, share what you learned in the readings

1.Explain what Mucor is and how a patient is likely to become infected with Mucor. Mucor is a fungus from the group of molds called mucormycetes.

An infection from one of these fungi is called mucormycosis (CDC, 2017). Mucormycosis can affect nearly any part of the body, but it most commonly affects the sinuses or the lungs in people who have weakened immune systems. Mucor is mainly found in soil, digestive systems, plants surfaces and rotting vegetable matter. It is a microbial genus of molds that depending on the route of exposure can cause two types of infection to human beings. Upon inhaling fungal spores from the environment, one can develop the lungs, sinuses, eyes as well as face infection resulting in a pulmonary exposure. In the case of the cutaneous form, the chances are that the fungi can enter the skin via cuts, scrapes, puncture wounds, or other forms of trauma to the skin. Mucormycosis does not spread from person to person thus not contagious (Dannaoui et al., 2003).

2. Describe the pathophysiologic progression of the infection into pneumonia.

Mucormycosis primarily affects those who are immunocompromised. Those who are at highest risk include; diabetics (ketoacidosis), organ transplant patients, immunocompromised. Because the infection’s pathophysiological is very fast, fatal results can be gained if not treated on time thus pneumonia infection occurs upon mucor inhalation. After invading the alveoli mucor, the spores commences penetration into spaces between the cells before spreading to adjacent cells (Dannaoui et al., 2003). With fungi in the lungs, the patient’s body reacts by activating its immune system resulting in an increase in leucocytes. The leakage of fluids from blood vessels to alveoli results in pneumonia, and it was impairing transportation of oxygen.

3. Medical/nursing interventions that would be helpful in treating the patient.

If the patient is not yet receiving hyperbaric treatment, place them on oxygen; either nasal cannula or mask. Frequent monitoring of vital signs and pain. Pneumonia often has symptoms of fever, chest pain, and blocks the oxygen transport system – lowering saturation. Enforcing the use of an incentive spirometer to expel any excess and loose fluids in the lungs

4. Examine the laboratory blood test results and arterial blood gases.

The abnormal lab values include WBC- 15,200/mm3-indicating infection, PH of 7.50, PaO2 of 59mg, HCO3 of 29, and PaCO2 of 25 -indicated the body is alkaline but partially compensated – through hyperventilation and Lymphocytes 10%- the patient is immunocompromised.

5.What medications and medical treatments are likely to be prescribed by the attending physician in this case? List at least three medications and three treatments. Provide rationale for each of the medications and treatments you suggest.

Lipid formulations of Amphotericin B deoxycholate (LAmB) are significantly less nephrotoxic and can safely be administered at higher doses for a longer period (Spellberg, 2010).

Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB) has been effective in treating mucormycosis and is more affordable than other drugs. Dosage is 1-1.5 mg/kg/d with a total of 2.5-3 g for the whole therapy.

Posaconazole 400 mg BID (total 800 mg/d). This has been effective in those patients who fail treatment with Amphotericin B or used conjunctively after the initial Amphotericin B treatment.

It is important to address the underlying cause of the susceptible patient. Those with diabetic ketoacidosis need insulin, hydration, and sodium bicarbonate. Colony stimulating factors for those with neutropenia. Wean off immunosuppressive drugs.