Environmental Toxicology Question 1

Chapter 4: Discuss differences between biologic indicators and biologic monitors and their

required attributes. Question 2

Briefly describe the uses of modeling in environmental toxicology. Question 3

Chapter 4/Week 4: Briefly describe one field and one laboratory based approach for assessing

the biological and ecological effects of toxic substances. Include advantages and limitations. Question 4

Paquin et al. (2002): Briefly describe the chronology of major advances in the regulatory

approach used in the United States for water-quality criteria. Question 5

Which is NOT an input parameter to the "Biotic Ligand Model"?

A. Fe B. pH C. Ca D. Na E. SO4 Question 6

Week 4: Briefly describe the "biotic ligand" with respect to copper toxicity to a fathead minnow. Question 7

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum

concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site EB-1 is

micrograms per liter (µg/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 8

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site EB-1 relative to the acute

surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal

place (X.X). Question 9 On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum

concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site EB-2 is

micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 10

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site EB-2 relative to the acute

surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal

place (X.X). Question 11

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum

concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site EB-3 is

micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 12

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site EB-3 relative to the acute

surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal

place (X.X). Question 13

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum

concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site EB-4 is

micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 14

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site EB-4 relative to the acute

surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal

place (X.X). Question 15

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum

concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-1 is

micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 16

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-1 relative to the acute

surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal

place (X.X). Question 17

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum

concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-2 is

micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 18

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-2 relative to the acute

surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal

place (X.X). Question 19

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum

concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-3 is

micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 20

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-3 relative to the acute

surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal

place (X.X). Question 21

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum

concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-4 is

micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 22

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-4 relative to the acute

surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal

place (X.X). Question 23

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum

concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site SB-5 is

micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 24

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site SB-5 relative to the acute

surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal

place (X.X). Question 25

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum

concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site OR-1 is

micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 26

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site OR-1 relative to the acute

surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal

place (X.X). Question 27

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum

concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site OR-2 is

micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 28

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site OR-2 relative to the acute

surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal

place (X.X). Question 29

On the basis of the Biotic Ligand Model, the aquatic ecosystem criterion maximum

concentration (CMC) [acute surface-water toxicity limit] for copper at surface water site OR-3 is

micrograms per liter (ug/L). Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 30

The hazard quotient for the surface-water concentration at site OR-3 relative to the acute

surface-water toxicity limit (CMC) for copper at that site is. Provide your answer to one decimal

place (X.X). Question 31

Consider how toxicity varies with DOC concentration. Surface-water sample SB-1 has a DOC

concentration of 1.2 mg/L and you calculated the corresponding CMC above. The CMC for a

DOC concentration of half of this concentration (0.6 mg/L) is ug/L. Provide your answer to one

decimal place (X.X). Question 32

Surface-water sample SB-1 has a DOC concentration of 1.2 mg/L and you calculated the

corresponding CMC above. The CMC for a DOC that is twice this concentration (2.4 mg/L) is

ug/L. Provide your answer to one decimal place (X.X). Question 33

Now that you have calculated the variation of copper toxicity with DOC concentration with the

Biotic Ligand Model, discuss how important DOC is to determining copper toxicity. Question 34

Describe how the hardness-based CMCs and the Biotic Ligand Model (hardness & DOC based)

CMCs (or hazard quotients) compare in terms of reaches of streams where the water-quality

criteria are exceeded. In other words, which criteria delineate the most restricted area of

impairment and which one delineates the most extensive?

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