Chapter 3-The Constitutional Authority of Agencies
Based upon the Delegation Doctrine (any statute conferring excessive legislative
power is invalid because it is unconstitutional to delegate powers), did the US
Supreme Court struck down the following statutes in (Write Yes or No and
Why):
1.
Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan (1935)-the National Industrial Recovery
Act (NIRA) included a provision prohibiting interstate shipment of petroleum in
excess of certain quotas. The President was given the power to ensure that the
provision was followed.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (1935) - under the
NIRA, poultry producers was empowered by the National Recovery
Administration to regulate competition in the poultry industry. Thus, trade
associations were allowed to enforce rules governing the sale and transport of
poultry. A company found guilty of shipping diseased chickens, in violation of
these rules, challenged the enforcement program. The Supreme Court
considered a provision which permitted the President to approve trade codes,
drafted by the businesses themselves, so as to ensure "fair competition."
Mistretta v. United States (1989) - Congress created the United States
Sentencing Commission under the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984. This
Commission was to attack the wide discrepancies in sentencing by federal
court judges by creating sentencing guidelines for all federal offenses. It was
to be part of the judicial branch, with members appointed by the President and
approved by the Senate. John Mistretta (convicted of three counts of selling
cocaine) claimed that the Act violated the delegation-of-powers principle by
giving the Commission "excessive legislative powers." The Court ruled that the
commission was given substantial authority and discretion in setting the
guidelines; however, Congress established a classification hierarchy for federal
crimes that the Commission was to use as an outline for its work.
Industrial Union Dept. v. Amer. Petroleum Inst. (1980) - acting under
authority of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, the Secretary of
Labor, after having demonstrated a link between exposure to benzene and
leukemia, set a standard reducing the airborne concentrations of benzene to
which workers could be exposed. The Court held that the Secretary had acted
without knowledge that the new standard was necessary to "provide safe and
healthful employment" as mandated by the Act. Nothing in OSHA's
administrative record indicated that exposure to benzene at 10 ppm would
cause leukemia and that exposure to one ppm would not.

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