PSY 418 Counseling Psychology 1 . PSY 418 Counseling Psychology Unit 1 Examination Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. ___________ was the founder of the Boston Vocational Bureau and is sometimes referred to as the
“Father of Guidance”.
a.
b.
c.
d. 2. ____________, a former Yale student, advocated for better mental health facilities after his own
struggles with mental illness and witnessing, first-hand, deplorable conditions in mental institutions. He
helped to start a mental health movement that reformed the treatment of the mentally ill.
a.
b.
c.
d. 3. school
mental health
rehabilitation
military Behavioral counseling gained importance through ____________ publication ____________, in which he
focused on learning (instead of insight) as the root of change.
a.
b.
c.
d. 2 person-centered; client-centered
client-centered; counselor-centered
counselor-centered; client-centered
counselor-centered; directive The passage of the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) provided funds for the training/ education of
_________ counselors.
a.
b.
c.
d. 5. Clifford Beers
Frank Parsons
John Dewey
Jesse B. Davis E. G. Williamson’s ___________ point of view of counseling, as well as the major tenets of Freudian
psychoanalysis, was challenged by Carl Rogers in the publication Counseling and Psychotherapy which
illustrates his ____________ approach.
a.
b.
c.
d. 4. Clifford Beers
Frank Parsons
John Dewey
Jesse B. Davis Carl Rogers’; Counseling and Psychotherapy
John Krumboltz’s; Revolution in Counseling
C. Gilbert Wrenn’s; Counselor in a Changing World
Frank Parsons’; Choosing a Vocation PSY 418 Counseling Psychology Unit 1 Examination 6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
7. obtaining admission to accredited counselor education doctoral programs
meeting the educational requirements for counselor licensure and certification
learning more about counseling theories
obtaining employment as a counselor An accredited counselor education master’s program according to CACREP standards must have all of the
following EXCEPT ___________________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 9. a doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.)
a doctor of education (Ed. D.)
a doctor of psychology (Psy.D.)
a medical degree (M. D.) Graduates of CACREP accredited programs have advantages over graduates from nonaccredited programs EXCEPT
in:
a.
b.
c.
d. 8. Psychologists may earn all but one of the following advanced degrees in psychology in order to be
eligible for licensure: have three full-time faculty members assigned to the academic unit in counselor education
be a minimum of 2 full academic years in length with a minimum of 48 semester hours required of all
students
provide instruction in each of eight common core areas
require students to complete 2,000 hours of supervised internships beginning with the practicum One of the types of professional credentials counselors may obtain which is considered prestigious is_________.
a.
b.
c.
d. transaction
inspection
certification
registration 10. Of the four main attribution models that counselors use on either a conscious or unconscious basis, the one
where clients are held “responsible only for solving their problems but not for causing them” is the
______________ model.
a.
b.
c.
d. medical
moral model
compensatory
enlightenment 11. When there is a potential conflict between a counselor’s employer and a counselor’s client, the counselor should
__________.
a. 3 first protect the right of the client PSY 418 Counseling Psychology Unit 1 Examination b.
c.
d. first serve the interest of the employer
ask a colleague to settle the conflict
immediately quit his or her job 12. According to Van Hoose and Paradise, the stage of ethical reasoning where concern for the individual is primary is
__________ .
a.
b.
c.
d. societal orientation
principle or conscience orientation
institutional orientation
individual orientation 13. Ethics that are based on a set of obligations that focus on finding socially and historically appropriate answers to
the question: “What shall I do?” are called ________ ethics.
a.
b.
c.
d. principle
virtue
absolute
relativistic 14. The law is generally ___________ toward professional codes of ethics and toward counseling in general.
a.
b.
c.
d. hostile
supportive
neutral
“b” and “c” but not “a” 15. The Iowa Law Review Note of 1971 did which of the following ________________.
a.
b.
c.
d. established the need to break confidentiality in order to prevent harm (duty to warn and protect)
first recognized counseling as a distinct profession
clarified the role of counselors in the mental health profession
established that communications between a licensed psychotherapist and their patients are privileged 16. Many Hispanic Americans tend to see psychological problems as _______.
a.
b.
c.
d. unimportant
similar to physical problems
in the mind
matters of pride 17. In some cases, self-disclosure may be facilitated with Chinese Americans through __________. a. direct, open
questioning 4 PSY 418 Counseling Psychology Unit 1 Examination b.
c.
d. educationally oriented counseling
silence
assertive challenging 18. Arab Americans as a group usually differ significantly from traditional Americans in that they emphasize:
a.
b.
c.
d. social stability and the collective over the individual.
social instability and the collective over the individual.
social stability and the individual over the collective.
social instability and the individual over the collective. 19. Which is not an ethnographic variable used in defining culture:
a.
b.
c.
d. nationality
Language
Religion
Gender 20. It is essential for counselors to be sensitive to cultures in which of these areas:
a.
b.
c.
d. Knowledge of the worldviews of culturally different clients
Skills necessary for work with culturally different clients
Awareness of ones own personal worldview
All of the above 21. An effective way of counseling men includes ____________.
a. emotional disclosures
b. cognitive discussions
c. systematic desensitization
d. sexual identity discussions
22. The majority culture, which professional helpers represent, has a __________ view of persons who are not
heterosexual
a.
b.
c.
d. mostly neutral
generally positive
predominantly negative
none of the above 23. The definition of spirituality can include __________.
a.
b.
c. 5 a concept of the divine or a force greater than oneself
a sense of playfulness
a sense of meaning PSY 418 Counseling Psychology Unit 1 Examination d. all of the above 24. Counseling is a _________________ phenomenon.
a.
b.
c.
d. section-wide
state-wide
city-wide
world-wide 25. Historically, counseling older adults has been a ____________________ and neglected area of the profession.
a.
b.
c.
d.
. 6 misunderstood
lacking
worldwide
failure PSY 418 Counseling Psychology You Can Do It 7 PSY 418 Counseling Psychology Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet) UNIT 2
1. Total liking, according to research conducted by Mehrabian, primarily involves __________ liking.
a.
b.
c.
d. 2. The degree to which a counselor is perceived as knowledgeable and informed about his or her
specialty is known as ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 3. a.
b.
c.
d. 7. rapport; support
feeling; talking
perception; communication
awareness; acknowledgement Making oneself known to another person by revealing personal information is known as __________. ego disclosure
self disclosure
reverse empathy
countertransference Immediacy in counseling is best used in each of the following situations EXCEPT _________.
a. 8 it puts clients on the defensive
it connotes disapproval
it leads to self-disclosure
“a” and “b” but not “c” According to Carl Rogers, empathy involves the skills of ______ and ______.
a.
b.
c.
d. 6. accurately assess both their own needs and the needs of their clients
communicate clearly
convey immediate trustworthiness
be in touch with their own values, thoughts, and feelings The question “why” usually is not used in counseling because __________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 5. trustworthiness
attractiveness
expertness
dedication Counselors who have developed their self-awareness skills are likely to do all of the following EXCEPT
_________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 4. facial
physical
verbal
vocall where there is a question of trust PSY 418 Counseling Psychology
b.
c.
d.
8. Humor in the counseling process is ____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 9. where there is tension
where there is a relaxed relationship
where there is counterdependency only appropriate if client-initiated
used to build bridges between counselors and clients
often leads to an awareness of “ah-ha” and a clearer perception of the situation
“b” and “c” but not “a” Confrontation often involves the use of the phrase ____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. “You’re not living up to your contract”
“You said _____, but look ______”
“Why _____?”
“Help me understand” 10. Effective contracts in counseling include all EXCEPT the following ______________.
a.
b.
c.
d. client con words (“try” and “maybe”)
a focus on change
concreteness
personal responsibility 11. All of the following factors, EXCEPT _________, may promote resistance to closure of a counseling
relationship?
a. loneliness
b. unresolved grief and need gratification
c. fear of having to be self-reliant
d. realistic focused goals
12. Which of the following are considered client resistance to closure?
a.
b.
c.
d. The client asks for more time at the end of a session
The client develops a new and long-term problem
The client reaches an agreed upon goal but asks for more appointments
all of the above 13. The “five Ds” for unsuccessfully dealing with loss and departure include all EXCEPT the following
____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. delight in what you have gained and what lies ahead of you
distort your experience by overglorifying it
denigrate your activities and relationships
deny the loss 14. The ultimate goal in counseling is for counselors to become ________ to the client and for the clients to
become _________ on themselves.
9 PSY 418 Counseling Psychology
a.
b.
c.
d. consistent with; necessary to
open with; important to
less important; more dependent
invisible; meaningless to 15. Premature closure should ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d. never be considered either the client’s or the counselor’s fault
is inevitable
be treated with a cavalier attitude that the client has made an unfortunate choice
none of the above 16. The most basic of the ego defense mechanisms is ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d. repression
displacement
rationalization
reaction formation 17. Psychoanalysis has the following limitations EXCEPT for___________.
a. it is time-consuming
b. it is expensive
c. it emphasizes development
d. it is deterministic
18. According to Adler, a healthy style of life focuses on three main tasks: ________.
a.
b.
c.
d. social order, work, and sexuality
society, work and sexuality
contributing to society, family interconnectedness, and spirituality
coping with life, courage, working in society 19. All of the following are ordinal birth positions except:
a.
b.
c.
d. first born
youngest
third child
only child 20. Person-centered theory is also referred to as _________.
a.
b.
c.
d. self theory
unconditional theory
affective theory
individual theory 21. Reality therapy emphasizes the elimination of ____________.
a.
10 blame/punishment PSY 418 Counseling Psychology
b.
c.
d. behavioral consequences
client responsibility
the past 22. The first basic step of reality therapy is ____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. establish a relationship
evaluate client relationship
focus on present behavior
develop a plan 23. General systems theory introduced the idea of _____________.
a. linear causality
b. scapegoating
c. circular causality
d. psychosocial systems
24. According to Bowen family therapy, partners in a marriage when stressed tend to _________.
a.
b.
c.
d. separate
individuate
triangulate
frustrate 25. __________ family counselors “map” the family they are working with in their minds.
a.
b.
c.
d. 11 Strategic
Experiential
Structural
Narrative PSY 418 Counseling Psychology Answer Keys 12 PSY 418 Counseling Psychology 13 PSY 418 Counseling Psychology 14 PSY 418 Counseling Psychology 15 PSY 418 Counseling Psychology Notes 16 PSY 418 Counseling Psychology Unit 3 Examination
Instructions The Unit Examination
The unit examination contains 25 multiple choice questions, as well as a
writing assignment.
Your grade on the examination will be determined by the percentage of
correct answers. The university utilizes the following grading system:
A = 90% – 100% correct
4 grade points
B = 80% – 89% correct
3 grade points
C = 70% – 79% correct
2 grade points
D = 60% – 69% correct
1 grade point
F = 59% and below correct
0 grade points Completing Unit Three Examination
Before beginning your examination, we recommend that you thoroughly
review the textbook chapters and other materials covered in each unit
and follow the suggestions in the mastering the course content section
of the syllabus.
This unit examination consists of objective test questions as well as a
comprehensive writing assignment selected to reflect the learning
objectives identified in each chapter covered so far in your textbook.
. 17 PSY 418 Counseling Psychology Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. ___________ is useful in determining goals for the group, clarifying one’s role and functions as a
leader, and explaining the group interactions.
a.
b.
c.
d. 2. The following statement is true about stages of groups: _______________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 3. 18 groups always go through the stages in sequential order
the different stages of a group are easily differentiated
a group does not necessarily move step by step through stages, but may move back and forth
to different stages as it develops
most groups do not go through stages of development All EXCEPT ________ are qualities a group leader needs in order to have a positive effect on the
outcome of a group.
a.
b.
c.
d. 4. Group training
A theory
A professional statement
Supervision confrontation
caring
meaning attribution
emotional stimulation According to Corey, a generally agreed upon number of group members in most types of adult
groups is ___________. PSY 418 Counseling Psychology
a. 4
b. 8
c. 6
d. 12
5. A main advantage of an open-ended group is __________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
7. expert
mediation
prescription
collaboration individual
group
organization
community During the “phasing in” stage of consultation, emphasis is placed on ___________.
a. 19 In the ____________ model, consultants act as “coordinator.” Teaching self-management skills as a form of consultation is usually done at the ________________ level.
a.
b.
c.
d. 8. member confidentiality
size flexibility
group cohesiveness
productivity establishing a relationship PSY 418 Counseling Psychology
b. promoting trust
c. active listening
d. all of the above
9. The C Group is used _______________.
a.
b.
c.
d. with children
for sharing information and mutual support
with adults and children
for counseling purposes 10. A reduction in the duration of mental disorders is known as ______________ prevention. a. primary
b.
c.
d. tertiary
secondary
first line 11. According to Charles Gelso, counseling research is in a state of _____________.
a. agreement
b. bubbles
c. transition
d. stability
12. One of the main reasons counselors do not engage in research studies is _____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 20 a lack of knowledge about research methods
a lack of awareness of the importance research holds in planning effective treatment procedures
a fear of finding negative results
all of the above PSY 418 Counseling Psychology
13. In comparing the counseling process to outcome research, the goal formation stage in counseling is
analogous to ___________________ in the research process.
a.
b.
c.
d. data collection
determining methods to ensure treatment integrity
identifying research questions
formulation of research design 14. When research approximates what is done in the counseling office, it is known as ________________.
a.
b.
c.
d. process-near
replication
experience-near
perfect 15. _________________ research is interested in investigating some puzzle or problem that is suggested by
theory.
a.
b.
c.
d. basic
applied
outcome
process 16. The degree to which a test appears to measure what it is suppose to measure is known as
__________________.
a. 21 content validity PSY 418 Counseling Psychology
b. construct validity
c. consequential validity
d. criterion validity
17. A test that must be completed within a specific period of time, such as an achievement test, is known as a
______________ test.
a.
b.
c.
d. speed
power
criterion-referenced
performance 18. Which of the following is not considered a standardized intelligence test?
a.
b.
c.
d. Stanford-Binet
Wechsler Series of Tests
Kaufman Battery of Tests
Myers Briggs Type Indicator 19. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a(n) ____________ test.
a.
b.
c.
d. interest
intelligence
personality
achievement 20. The advantages of involving clients in the selection of tests include each of the following EXCEPT:
______________. 22 PSY 418 Counseling Psychology
a. clients accept test results more readily
b. there is an opportunity for the counselor to observe test selection skills
c. there is an opportunity for diagnosis by the counselor based on clients’ reactions to various tests
d. the process promotes client independence
21. Mechanics who enjoy their work have a high ________ theme according to John Holland’s theory.
a. conventional
b. realistic
c. social
d. investigative
22. According to John Krumboltz’s theory, four factors influence a person’s career decision. Besides genetic
endowment, the other three are:
a.
b.
c.
d. 23 conditions and events in the environment
learning experiences
task-approach skills, such as values
all of the above PSY 418 Counseling Psychology Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet) UNIT 4
1. Family environments where members are undifferentiated or overly dependent on each other are
referred to as ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 2. The concept that the same origin may lead to different outcomes and the same outcome may result from
different origins is known as ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 3. a.
b. 24 nonsummativity
equifinality
homeostasis
morphogenesis A counselor must initially win which battle in working with a family?
a.
b.
c.
d. 6. morphogenesis
homeostasis
equifinality
nonsummativity The statement that “the family is greater than the sum of its parts” exemplifies the concept of
___________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 5. coincidence
happenstance
equifinality
morphogenesis The tendency for a family to remain in a steady, stable state of equilibrium unless forced to change is
known as _________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 4. triangulated
nonsummative
enmeshed
configured Battle for Structure
Battle for Initiative
Battle for Change
Battle for Maintenance A “Type B” stress situation is ___________. foreseeable and avoidable
neither foreseeable nor avoidable PSY 418 Counseling Psychology
c. foreseeable but not avoidable
d. none of the above
7. In the Human Development Center (HDC) model, a middle school counselor _____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 8. Approximately ___________ percent of all school children may be depressed because of external stressors and
inadequate individual response abilities.
a.
b.
c.
d. 9. solicits the help of others in performing tasks
performs all the tasks in the service cluster
works primarily at the task of public relations
focuses only on development 40
15
30
3 Primary prevention at the secondary school level can _____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. help students avoid parental advice
help students become more involved in their peer relationships
help students be more self-reliant
help students get along better with teachers 10. The best way for elementary school counselors to publicize their services is through __________.
a.
b.
c.
d. bulletin board announcements
commercials
individual consultation sessions with parents
classroom visits 11. Arthur Chickering’s psychosocial theories concentrate on specific developmental tasks that include ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d. competence
managing emotions
integrity
all of the above 12. The model of counseling services that emphasizes working with various organizations and personnel who have a
direct impact on student mental health is counseling as _____________. a. psychotherapy
b.
c.
d. 25 consultation
vocational guidance
traditionally defined PSY 418 Counseling Psychology
13. Students who receive counseling services in college _____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. usually drop out
are more likely to graduate
have lower grades
“a” and “b” only 14. When seeking help, college students first consult ____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. friends
faculty
close relatives
counselors 15. Many students who abuse alcohol have grown up in __________ families.
a.
b.
c.
d. healthy
big
small
dysfunctional 16. Programs for the families of a substance abuser include _____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. Al-Anon
S.A.D.D.
M.A.D.D.
all of the above 17. A person who has been a substance abuser but is now dry and has taken special courses to qualify for a NAADAC
(National Association of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Counselors) certification is called a(n) ___________
counselor.
a.
b.
c.
d. nonrecovering
recovering
addictions
alcoholism 18. The substance abuse prevention program found in elementary and middle schools that uses a uniform curriculum
and police as instructors is known as _____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. 26 M.A.D.D.
S. A. D. D.
D.A. R.E.
B. E. A. R. PSY 418 Counseling Psychology
19. When a person with an addiction has more than one aspect of his or her personality that is open to treatment,
the person is said to have a _____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. dual digression
codependency
dual diagnosis
multiple symptoms 20. An approach to working with nicotine addiction that teaches coping skills, such as reframing and thought
stopping, is known as _____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. telephone counseling
rapid smoking
skills training
physical training 21. In addition to working with individuals, mental health counselors utilize a social-ecological perspective that
focuses on ____________ as the client
a.
b.
c.
d. the environment
social relations
the family
work groups 22. Health-related activities that are both preventive and remedial and that have a therapeutic value to individuals
who practice them consistently are known as those related to _________ wellness.
a.
b.
c.
d. primary
positive
perfect
preventive 23. The two most common clinical symptoms associated with presenting oneself for counseling services are
_____________.
a.
b.
c.
d. mania and depression
depression and schizophrenia
anxiety and depression
abuse and anxiety 24. ___________ are programs whose purpose is to work with employees in preventive and remedial ways in order
to help them avoid or work through problems that might detrimentally affect their on-the-job behavior.
a. 27 Employer Assistance Programs PSY 418 Counseling Psychology
b. Employee Assistance Programs
c. Arbitrator Assistance Programs
d. Equal Opportunity Programs
25. Clinical mental health counselors are often employed in _________ organizations.
a.
b.
c.
d. 28 mental health
crisis-oriented
depression-oriented
educational

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