Constructive Response to the following.

 

APA format must be used. couple paragraphs with academic sources.

 

According to Winfree and Abadinsky (2017), social learning theory explains that criminal behavior is a learned behavior. Behavior is observed and then imitated. Through the use of various reinforcements and punishments, an individual can be influenced towards continuing or discontinuing the behavior. Discriminative stimuli lets the person know if the behavior is likely to be rewarded and can motivate behavior when the criminal activity is viewed in a positive manner or the negative aspects can be dismissed through neutralization.

 

Duck and Rawls (2012) analyzed the influences on drug dealers in a poor black neighborhood in the northeastern United States. In this particular neighborhood, drug dealing is the norm. It’s not a crime; it’s a job. The dealers are members of the community and their practices are inescapable. Day-to-day navigation throughout the neighborhood requires an understanding of dealer practices, including how to interact and awareness of warning signs. Younger dealers cover the day shift while the adults work nights. Dealers often set up shop on street corners, making them highly visible and offering easy access to buyers who use the expressway to enter the neighborhood. Many of the neighborhood's residents express middle class values, but behave according to the "code of this street: (Duck & Rawls, 2012, p. 38).

 

In Soderbergh’s 2001 motion picture, Traffic, the character of Seth explains how whites coming into poor black neighborhoods set up a scenario that encourages drug dealing in these neighborhoods. There is a pre-existing market that offers easy money with minimal effort. Seth contends that if people were coming into middle- and upper-middle-class white neighborhoods asking for drugs, many of those individuals would choose to deal as well.

 

When the context of social learning theory is applied, there is support for and against Seth’s suggestion. One of the things missing in the middle- and upper-middle-class neighborhoods that is evident in the poor neighborhoods such as the one in the study is the prominent example of drug dealing behaviors. The children are not seeing dealers on the street corners making money from customers who are driving through just to get drugs. Should any of these individuals decide to engage in the behavior despite the absence of an example, the reinforcement or punishment of the behavior would be a likely force in whether or not a pattern is established. Rapid punishment, as the result of being arrested or caught by a parent and punished, may stop the behavior in that industrious individual and prevent others from engaging in the crime; however, if that person receives positive reinforcement, such as making good money and not getting caught, he or she will likely continue to deal drugs. This then sets an example that others might choose to follow.

 

Reference:

 

Duck, W. & Rawls, A.W. (2012). Interaction orders of drug dealing spaces: Local orders of sensemaking in a poor black American place. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 57(1), 33-75 doi:10.1007/s10611-011-9353-y

 

Soderbergh, S. (Director). (2001). Traffic [Motion picture]. United States: Universal. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nRKL-i9HyE&feature=youtu.be

 

Winfree, L. T., Jr., & Abadinsky, H. (2017). Essentials of criminological theory (4th ed.). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, Inc.

Edited on 06/07/2017 at 07:19:PM EDT

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