TEST # 12 – CHAPTER 21
Institutions for Sustainable Development
Name _________________________________________ Test Score________ Part A: Multiple-choice Questions (30 points)
1. Which one of the following statements comparing developed and developing countries
is false?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) Developed countries are more able to afford environmental protection
systems
Developing countries are more subject to technological lock-in
Developed countries have more capital stock
Developing countries have greater need of economic development
Developing countries may have greater choice about development paths 2. The definition that sustainable development “meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” was presented
by…
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) The World Bank
The International Monetary Fund
The World Commission on Environment and Development
The Global Environmental Facility
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 3.Which of the following statements is true?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) The U.S. has the world’s highest total energy consumption
China’s per capita energy use is about 50% of U.S. per capita use
China’s total energy use is about 50% of U.S. total energy use
India’s total energy consumption is now equal to China’s
China’s per capita energy use is less than 25% of U.S. per capita energy
use 4. Which one of the following organizations does not promote economic development?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) World Trade Organization
International Monetary Fund
World Bank
Global Environmental Facility
Environmental Protection Agency
1 5. The package of conditions linked to loans to developing countries to promote marketoriented economic reform is called ...
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) Structural adjustment
Throughput
Dematerialization
Entropy
Technological lock-in 6. Which one of the following is not a negative environmental effect of structural
adjustment?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) Increased consumption of resources
Greater pollution pressures
Reduced subsidies lead to increased rates of pesticide use
Reduction in natural capital stocks
Weakening of environmental institutional capacity 7. Which one of the following statements best describes the World Bank’s environmental
record?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) The World Bank has always taken leadership in protecting the
environment
The World Bank considers that the environment is not relevant to its
development mission
The World Bank has ignored critics of its environmental polices
The World Bank has responded to criticism by expanding its
environmental lending
The World Bank has recently been renamed as the World Trade
Organization to more accurately reflect its mission 8. Which one of the following statements is false?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) The World Bank currently screens all projects for potential environmental
impacts
World Bank loans are often coupled with grants from other organizations
World Bank funding for environmental projects has steadily increased
since 1994
World Bank projects include both a “brown” and a “green” agenda
World Bank loans must eventually be repaid 9. Which of the following was created in 1990 to provide grants for global environmental
projects?
1)
2) World Trade Organization
World Bank
2 3)
4)
5) International Monetary Fund
Global Environmental Facility
United Nations Development Program 10. Which one of the following statements about the Global Environmental Facility is
false?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) A principle of the GEF is that the incremental costs of environmental
protection should be borne by the global community
The GEF provides grants rather than loans
Pairing GEF grants with World Bank loans can risk increasing resource
exploitation
GEF funding includes projects related to climate change and biodiversity
loss
The GEF is administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11. What principle states that natural systems should remain intact whenever possible?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) Weak sustainability
Strong sustainability
Logistic growth
Exponential growth
Technological lock-in 12. The historical growth of a steady-state economy would appear on a graph as...
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) Linear growth
Logistic growth
Exponential growth
Exponential decline
Logistic decline 13. The concept of a steady-state economy would involve all of the following except…
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) Limits on material consumption
Meeting basic needs such as food, housing, and medical care
Growth in services, arts, communications, and education
Compulsory population control
Maintenance of ecosystem functions 14. The standard view of economic growth supports which type of growth pattern?
1)
2)
3)
4) Logistic
Linear
Quadratic
Exponential
3 5) Bell-shaped 15. Which one of the following policies would not promote sustainable development?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) Green taxes
Application of industrial ecology
Increasing agricultural subsidies
Accelerating development of renewable energy
Increased efficiency in transportation Part B: Discussion Questions (MS Word document)
Please complete the following discussion questions (one paragraph typed on each
Discussion Question). A paragraph must contain three sentences. Please use Times New
Roman, one inch margins, and 12 point font.
1. Discussion Question # 1; 4 points)
Comment on the Original definition of sustainable development: “development
that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.” Do you think this definition is useful, or is it so ambiguous or vague that
it lacks applicability? Can you think of ways to make it more precise or
alternative definitions?
2. Discussion Question # 2 (; 3 points)
How would you balance the goals of economic growth and environmental
sustainability? To what extent are these goals necessarily in conflict?
3. Discussion Question # 3 (page 527; 3 points)
Which specific policies do you think are of greatest importance in promoting
environmentally sustainable development? In which areas is the world making
progress toward sustainability, and where are the most serious problems? Part C: Environmental Data Analysis; Table 21.1, page 512 (MS Word document)
1. Compare Japan’s environmental data to France’s (one typed paragraph which
must contain three sentences. Please use Times New Roman, one inch margins,
and 12 point font (3 points).
2. Compare United States’ environmental data to India’s (one typed paragraph which
must contain three sentences. Please use Times New Roman, one inch margins,
and 12 point font (3 points).
4 3. Rank selected countries in terms of energy consumption per capita and C02
emissions per capita (4 points). 5

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