Final Celebration - Mars Edition
Name:_______________________________Name of Partner (if applicable):______________________ LIFE ON MARS http://www.mars-one.com/
We are living in a time when human life on mars is becoming less science fiction, and
more of a real possibility. In fact, Mars One is a mission to colonize Mars that is
currently in the planning stages. By reviewing the website, above, you can learn
more about how they plan to prepare, colonize, and build upon their proposed living
unit. For this Celebration, you will use real biological theory to address the
hypothetical challenges of a prolonged colony on Mars. Your goal is to demonstrate
your knowledge of ALL the concepts from this quarter in your answers. Although
there is no page limit, it is important to note that you must fully answer all of your
questions, using descriptions, definitions, and examples to demonstrate your
understanding. If it is not on the paper, I cannot grade it.
Background:
The Mars One mission intends to train 26 men and women for the initial
colonization of Mars. After their arrival, it is anticipated that 4 individuals will be
added to the colony each 26 months. Several supply missions will occur prior to
human arrival, such that the first group of Martians will have enough to get by on.
Over time, according to the website, the Martians will need to build a structure
capable of supporting Earth-style farming out of “local materials” so they can sustain
themselves.
Imagine a world 260 earth months after the initial colonization. You would have 62
members of the Martian colony, assuming everybody has survived. After almost 22
Earth-years, the Martians would be expected to have developed a sustainable
agriculture to feed themselves. This means growing plants and animals for food and
fuel. This amount of time is also approximately one generation. It is likely that at
least one native-born Martian would exist, knowing no other world aside from Mars.
Now assume the Mars colonization was a success, and that the initial parameters
(number of people added and when) have remained consistent. 2600 earth months
in the future, and 422 individuals have joined the colony. It is over 216 years since
the first colonists arrived, and the population is now sustained by resident Martians
born and raised in the colony. The population is isolated, with the exception of the 4
added individuals each 26 months.
You may use the internet, primary sources, your textbook, and the lecture materials
to answer the following questions. Note that an excellent resource would be the
Phoenix Mars Mission, especially the Mars 101 page which will give you more
background. http://phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu/index.php Final Celebration - Mars Edition
Name:_______________________________Name of Partner (if applicable):______________________
1. It is impossible to grow food without microbes. Whether it is bacteria in the soil, or
in the gut of animals, all things that grow have a symbiotic relationship with
microscopic organisms. During the movie “The Martian”, this was addressed when
the main character used his feces to fertilize soil for his potato crop. This brings up
a question. On Earth, we don’t typically think of soil as being “alive”. However, by
comparison, the sterile soil of Mars is currently “not alive”. (Review: Week 1, Week
2)
a. Using the five functional characteristics of life, provide an argument for
whether soil is alive, or not alive, for both Earth and Mars.
b. Draw a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell and label all the organelles with their
function and what they are made of. For each organelle, describe how the
function would be particularly important for a microbe trying to escape onto
the Martian landscape.
2. Describe one type of each of the following organisms found on earth, and how they
might adapt over time if they were to evolve on Mars. Please be sure to include
details about the environment and how they might influence these adaptations.
(Review: Week 3, Week 7, Week 9)
a. Protist (also list Domain/Kingdom)
b. Plant (also list Domain/Kingdom)
c. Animal (Also list Domain/Kingdom/Phylum)
3. As the generations of Martians began to reproduce, what are the two cell division
processes important to make that happen? (Review: Week 4, Week 5)
a. Draw a diagram of each type of cell division.
b. Describe the differences, and why each type of division is important each
purpose.
4. The current Mars One mission is funded and planned in regions predominantly of
Western European descent. Considering that a small number of people would begin
the proliferation of our species on another planet, how important will genetic
diversity be within the original 26 members with respect to: (Review: Week 4,
Week 5, Week 6)
a. Potential cancer development.
b. Infectious/Genetic disorders in future generations.
c. Would you include genetic screening in applicants for the first colony? Why,
or why not?
5. Continuing to consider the health of the future Martians, they would be isolated
from the rest of Earth this entire time. (Review: Week 7, Week 8)
a. Describe three different types of adaptive evolution, and how they might be
applied in this situation.
b. Describe three different types of non-adaptive evolution, and how they might
be applied in this situation.
6. Imagine you are the one responsible for designing a bio-dome. You are tasked with
building an entire sustainable ecosystem, including 4 trophic levels, where the waste
from each trophic level provides what another level requires to survive. (Review:
Week 9, Week 10)
a. Choose at least one organism from each trophic level you would include, and
describe why you would make that choice.
b. What might be the unintended consequences of the organisms you chose?

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