Student Name:

I. Neuron EXERCISE 1 – Neuron

Identify and label the structures of the neuron.

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

Identify and label the structures of the reflex arc.

A.

B.

C. II. Central Nervous System D. EXERCISE 2 – Spinal cord E. Identify and label the structures of the spinal cord. F. A.

B.

C.

D.

Identify and label the connections of the sensory neuron, spinal cord, and motor neuron.

A.

B. III. Reflex

EXERCISE 3 – Tendon reflex Observation: Is the subject aware of the stimulus?

© Access Learning Systems 2 Is the subject aware of the response? Observation: EXERCISE 4 – Pupillary Reflex Observation: Observation: Which is faster: constriction or dilation of the pupils? Is the subject aware of the pupils changing diameter? EXERCISE 5 – Swallowing Do you have conscious control over all of these muscles? Is it possible to swallow several times in quick succession? What effect does the stimulus have on the ability to swallow in quick succession? What part of swallowing is controlled by the conscious mind? What part is a reflex? IV. Reaction

EXERCISE 6 – Reaction Time

Record results of the ruler reaction experiment.

Trial Distance (cm) Trial 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 Distance (cm) 10 Was there a change in reaction time during the ten trials? What do you think accounts for any changes that were observed?

V. Sensations

A. EXERCISE 7 – Skin receptors B. Identify and label the structures of the skin receptors. C.

D.

E. © Access Learning Systems 3 EXERCISE 8 – Skin sensations and modality

What is the total number of positive responses for each stimulus?

Touch

Pain

Cold

Heat What is the pattern of distribution of positive responses? EXERCISE 9 – Projection Describe any sensations that are felt after the bag is removed. What can you conclude about projection and the receptors on the surface of the hand

and forearm?

EXERCISE 10 – Adaption using water temperature

Record the sensations of hands in beakers 1 and 3.

Right hand Left hand Time

in beaker 1

in beaker 3

Initially

After 15 s

After 30s

After 45s

After 60s Record the sensations of hands in in beaker 2.

Right hand

Left hand © Access Learning Systems 4 EXERCISE 11 – Adaption using a coin

Record the time that the sensation persists for the subject.

Seconds:

Record the time that the sensation persists at the second location.

Seconds: Does the pressure sensation return? If so, record the time (in seconds) that the subject aware of this pressure?

Seconds: Summary Questions

1. What is the name of the axon covering that aids in the transmission of a nerve impulse over long distances? 2. Which type of neuron carries messages from receptors to the central nervous system?

3. Which type of neuron carries messages within the central nervous system? 4. Which skin receptor detects light pressure? 5. What name is applied to the sacs within the axon terminal that contain neurotransmitters? 6. Define the following terms and describe an experiment that demonstrates each one:

Modality: Projection: Adaptation: 7. List and describe the different classes of neurons in terms of function. 8. Name and describe the function of five types of sensory receptors found in the skin.

9. List two differences between a reflex and a reaction © Access Learning Systems 5 10. Name a difference between the tendon reflex and the pupillary reflex. 11. Describe the contents of the gray and white matter in the spinal cord.

12. Describe the components of a simple reflex arc. 13. What do you think an advantage and a disadvantage of receptor adaptation would be to a person? 14. Are organisms aware of all the activity in their nervous system? Why is this an advantage? 

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