15. As commercialization increases, the decision-making in sport organizations a. moves further away from the control of athletes. b. focuses on issues of the public good. c. takes into account long term goals related to values and integrity in sports. d. becomes disorganized to the point that chaos is characteristic.

16. Some professional sport leagues and governing bodies currently claim to be “non-profit organizations” in order to avoid paying taxes on revenues. The most notable example of this is a. Major League Baseball (MLB). b. the National Basketball association (NBA). c. World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). d. the National Football League (NFL).

17. The fact that the U.S. government allows corporations to deduct a portion of sport ticket prices on their tax returns has ultimately served to a. stabilize ticket prices for the average fan. b. increase ticket prices for the average fan. c. make for tickets available to organizations that serve needy children. d. eliminate the illegal selling of tickets outside of stadiums.

18. Lockouts are different than strikes in that a. lockouts are about fairness and strikes are about control. b. lockouts are more easily settled than strikes. c. lockouts do not eliminate pay for employees. d. owners initiate lockouts and employees initiate strikes.

19. Data on athletes’ salaries show that a. athletes have always made at least 5 times more than average U.S. families. b. the salary gap between the highest and lowest paid athletes has increased. c. no athletes make only the minimum salary in the major men’s team sports. d. since 1975, athletes’ salaries have declined in inflation adjusted terms.

20. The NCAA has changed its definition of amateur a number of times primarily to a. meet changing government regulations. b. avoid paying players and taxes on revenues. c. make sure that college athletes are cared for properly. d. raise the salaries of coaches in small colleges.

Chapter 12:

. The chapter on sports and the media is based on the assumption that a. human beings around the world are shaped by the media. b. the power of the media has no limits. c. media content informs people's lives and social worlds. d. most people define the media as unimportant in their lives.

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