RUNNING HEAD: Political Philosophy SUMMARY: CHAPTER 1
Political Philosophy: Introducing the Challenge This summary is based on Donald G. Tannenbaum’s book, Inventor of Ideas: An
Introduction to Western Political Philosophy, Third Edition. Chapter one of this book: “Political
Philosophy: Introducing the Challenge“ seeks to give an overview of the thoughts and
techniques of the several political and philosophical scholars such as, Aristotle, Plato, Socrates,
Luther, and John Locke, who labored in the challenge of equal opportunity, fair dealing, and
autonomy for individuals against government, political, and economic dominance.
Tannebaum (2012), chapter one of his book, began with a series of practical questions
relative to an individual’s response to certain governments’ actions. The questions served as a
springboard to delved into the wisdom of several noted philosophers from the ancient to the
modern eras, who seek to find a more benevolent political and economic approach; contrary to
that of the then current governance. The questions posed also challenged governments’
authenticity to impose civil, political, military, and judicial burdens on it citizens, and whether
individuals have a right to refuse to comply, if governments’ orders and decisions go against their
integrity.
The author conveyed in the chapter that the function of a government is to provide a safe
and dignified political and economic society based on impartiality, honesty, and independence.
The results of decisions made by government should also benefit individuals and not only
governments. In addition, individuals should have a say in the political, military, and judicial
decision-making process especially, if those decisions would go against their moral principles. RUNNING HEAD: Political Philosophy
He noted that scholarly philosophers observed and studied the nature of human-beings and their
behavioral patterns inorder to chart solutions to guide governments in a direction that would help
people in societies, and by extension the world, to realize their full potential or purpose for
existence. The author also explained that Philosophers benefitted from the experiences of the
political and economic crises which existed in their own societies, and from the arguments of
their predecessors. Each scholar referenced each other’s work in an effort to assumed solutions to
the existing problems within the period in which he lived.
In the chapter, the approach used by each philosopher is categorized according to the
period in which he lived, namely: primeval, middle ages, contemporary or postmodern eras. The
scholarly Philosophers questioned the rationale for reaching particular conclusions and the
consequences thereafter. Moreover, before they acknowledged a notion as conclusive, they
considered its effects on human-being. These scholars were mindful of the well-being of
humanity and the governments’ role in attending to those needs.
The author explained that although these scholarly Philosophers shared similar ways of
thinking; to guide governments to create economic and political equality between the rich and
the poor, their ways of advancing from ideas to reality are seemingly different. For example, the
philosophers of the male-dominated discipline regarded women as inferior objects because of
their lesser aggressive nature than men. Tannenbaum (2012) also noted the need for the
“Clarification of Philosophical Conflicts” in order to pool resourcesof each Philosopher in a
meaningful way, so that assumed solutions may truly benefit humanity.

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