Questions:
Visit Geert Hofstede’s web site at http://geert-hofstede.com
a. Click on National Culture
b. Review the Six Dimensions
c. Click on Countries
d. Select a Country for your report
e. Describe in your paper the dimensions of the country you selected and define what the dimensions
mean or reflect about the culture of that country.
2. Visit the Central Intelligence Agency’s web site at www.cia.gov or the WTO’s web site
a. Click on the World Factbook
b. Select your chosen Country
c. Give a detailed report on the infrastructure (miles of roads, seaports, rail lines, telecommunication,
etc.)
d. Give a detailed report on the population (median income, education, birth rates, religion, ethnicity,
etc.)
e. Give a detailed report on the resources of the country (Land, Labor, Capital, and Entrepreneurial
Talent)
f.
Give a detailed report of the country’s Rule of Law and political system (Property Rights?) What are
the country’s current economic issues? 3. Choose an Industry & Product
a. Is there enough resources in the country you selected to get your goods to market?
b. Define and explain the type of company/industry (Oligopoly, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition)
c. Define and explain your product (unique, differentiated, or identical).
d. Define and explain what market your product is intended for (general, niche)
e. Define and explain whether or not you would choose this country based on the research you have
conducted and explain your decision. This report entails the values that a nation has and which has their origin in the specific
cultures of various nations. Under the national culture there various dimensions i.e.
power distance dimension, masculinity dimension, indulgence dimension, individualism
dimension and uncertainty avoidance dimension(Geert Hofstede,1980).All these
combined shows the character of a people/nation as they are always influenced the
culture. Dimensions vary from one nation to the other owing to the differences in the
culture of a people. In this report I wish to choose Ethiopia in analyzing the various
dimensions and what they reflect of their culture.
To begin with is the dimension of individualism, this entail the extent to which there is
interdependence within members of a society. Societies that practice individualism
indicate that people only care about themselves and few others that are close to them
especially family members. On the other hand in collectivist societies people belong in
groups and take care of each other and in return they get royalty from members of the
society as a reward. Ethiopia scores 20 in individualism meaning it is a collectivist
society. Thus there is strong relationship in families, employment sectors and in overall
groups. People are there for each other and ready to give each other a hand where they
face challenges.
Consequently, in the uncertainty avoidance it entails the way the society looks and
responds to future that is not known. People may tend to control the future or let it
happen in its own way. This has resulted to people coming up with believes in their
culture that tend to explain the future thus reducing anxiety by making the future
predictable. Ethiopia scores 55 in this dimension meaning that the society is relative to
the future and adapt to what the future has in store for them. This influences and
shapes in their culture.
Moreover, in power distance dimension inequality in the society is explored here. It
shows how people view the culture towards the various inequality in the society.Ehtiopia
scores 70 which shows that people accept hierarchy order in the society whereby
everyone has their place in the society. This means that people accept inequalities that
come by nature and also tendencies of following orders from those above others. This
may farther explain why such countries adopt democracy in their system of governance
whereby they give up some of their rights and obligations to the government.
Furthermore, there is dimension of masculinity. Countries that score high on masculinity
it means that they are determined by completion, achievement and success. This is
started in institutions of learning and determined all the way “merit based societies”. In
countries that record low on this, it means that they value caring and quality of life and
this spells out success. Ethiopia gets a score of 65 meaning that it’s a masculine society
thus they thrive in competition and being the best in whatever they do. They live by hard
work and being effective in order to achieve the much desired success. They give their best in everything they do. This explain why Ethiopia value education as it is a way of
achieving the best and enhancing the lives of individuals. Through education there are
various steps that one has to go through and such are achieved with hard work and
determination.
In addition to this, is the indulgence dimension .This basically entails how socialization
is done to the members of the society to adopt the agreed norms in communities.
Socialization is a way of instilling knowledge or rather educating societies so that they
can adapt to responsibilities in their communities with ease. Low control in socialization
is termed as indulgence while high control is termed as restraint. Various societies have
different ways of socializing its members and this depends on the effectiveness of the
method used.Geert Hofstede study did not give Ethiopia a score on this dimension.
Lastly, is the long term orientation, this entails how society maintain touch with their past
and at the same time trying to deal with present and future challenges. Societies
advance by considering both their past and future especially by keeping records of
reference. Some societies maintain traditions and accepted norms and view society
changes with suspicion, this is experienced in cultures that score low. Cultures that
score high take pragmatic approach and encourage modern education as a preparation
for the future. With education people are able to adapt to future challenges with ease as
education gives solutions to various challenges. Education may help predict the future
and solutions to counter undesirable future experiences. The study by Geert Hofstede
has not given Ethiopia a score on this. Q2. Brazil is chosen for this case study.
Brazil had a total of 4093 by 2013 with 9 registered carriers. This is a relatively good
number showing that the country has developed to the international levels. Thus in
brazil air transport has a high presence across the country. This makes it easier to move
from on place to another within the country as well as well as outside the country .Her
rail lines extend to 28,538km with broad gauge at 5822km,dual gauge
at492km,standard gauge at 194km and narrow gauge at 23,341km.This shows that
transport by trains is actively present in Brazil. Given the advantages of railway
transport its very clear that this advantages are felt across the country. Railway
transport is relatively cheaper as compared to other means of transport like road and air
especially when transporting large cargos, trains are also in a position to transport
goods in bulk over a long distance, they are also not affected by traffic jams and lastly
trains are rarely affected by bad weather as compared to air and road transport. The
roadways extend to 1,580,964km, with paved ones at 212,798km and the unpaved
ones at 1,368,166km.This shows that brazil has a very long and established road network. Roads are mostly used due to their proximity and convenience by the people.
They are mostly used for short distance traveling especially when moving from one
place to another as they connect on place to another especially within the country.
Roads further link other means of transport like air, railway and seaports Thus for a
country like Brazil with a wide road coverage which is established it translates to
convenience and affordability if transportation. On the seaports, the major ones are
Tubarao,Santos,Sao Sebastiao,Belem,Paragua and Rio Grande.The river port include
Manaus. Brazil is strategically positioned when it come to transportation by water as it
has a relatively high number of seaports. Seaports opens up the local market to the
international market as locally produced good can be moved from one nation to the
other. Transportation by sea is relatively cheaper than air transport especially when
transporting goods in bulk. Sea transport opens up a country to the outside world
especially tourists this makes a country acquired the status of a business hub. Thus
Brazil seaports has elevated her economically thus surpassing other countries in South
America. In terms of telecommunication it has fixed lines with a subscription of
43,677,141,a total of 257,814 with mobile cellular. This statistics makes her well interconnected both locally and internationally in terms of communication. This makes
communication much easier and it opens many opportunities. With such high number of
people connected there is convenience in terms of communication. In conclusion Brazil
has relatively excellent transport and communication infrastructure that is varied thus
people have many options to choose from depending with what is convenient to them.
All this factors combined boosts the economy and wellbeing of Brazil.
In terms of her population Brazil has a population of 205,823,665 people. This makes
her to be among the countries with the highest population in the world. The high
population provides the country with high labor force thus making the economy grow.
Also the high population provides the country with huge market for locally produced
goods. In addition the high population brings about competitions that results variation in
goods and products in other words it enhances innovation making a country advanced
in terms of technology. Lastly with the high population the economy grows since people
contribute to the government in form of taxes. The population distribution in terms of
ethnicity is that whites take 47.7%, mulatto which is black and white mixed is 43.1%,
pure blacks are 7.6%, the Asian community takes 1.1% while the indigenous take
0.4%.The religion mostly practiced is Roman Catholic at 64.6% while protestants take
22.2%.All this differences results to positive diversity. When people from various race,
religion and other background come together they bring in various cultures together
some cultures are adopted while others are done away with. They all together form a
culture that is accepted all together resulting to diversity for purposes of co-existence.
The birth rate stands at 14.3 births/1000 population. Such birth rate shows that heath
facilities and infrastructure are well developed across the nation. The literacy levels
stands at 92.6% for those above the age of 15.This among the highest and literacy levels in the world. Thus a high number of people can read and write. This shows that
education infrastructure and facilities are well developed. This means that Brazil is in a
position to develop technologically and in other areas that requires education in the near
future.
When it comes to resources Brazil is endowed developed agricultural land and with
mining sector, manufacturing and service sectors. This means that a country is in a
better position to optimally produce goods and services thus a growth in the economy.
With a variety of sectors to be involved in means that there is availability of labour.Her
labor force is 110.4 million people whereby 15.7% are involved in agriculture, 13.3%
work in industries and 71% work in service industries. With these high levels of people
working in service industry it shows people have a culture of entrepreneurship. The high
labor force is enough to make an economy grow from various areas of production.
In governance sector, it has a federal presidential system. The country has many
political parties and political pressure group and leaders. This shows that people in
brazil are politically informed and conscious of their day to day political life. The country
is divided into states and has a constitution that was ratified in 1988.The legal system is
based on civil law. There are high courts and subordinate courts. Brazil thus has well
developed system of governance with bureaucracy to ensure uniformity, delivery and
efficiency in provision of services to the the people. 3. Coffee is chosen as a product in the industry of agriculture. a. There are fair enough resources in the market to get the good to the market. First
there is long road coverage that connects the country thus assurance of
domestic market for locally produced good.. There is also presence of ports and
ships for transportation which links the local market to the international market. In
addition there are air ports all over the country and also railway transportation is
also available. This connects the local market to both local and international
market. All this factors combined make it easier for producers of goods and
services reach the consumers both locally and internationally. b. This is a monopolistic competition. This owing to the fact that there are many
producers selling a product that is differentiated from each other by aspects of
quality, branding and packaging. This results to a monopolistic type of market. c. The product (coffee) is differentiated. This comes in as a result of the different
qualities of the good in the market, also branding coffee from various places is
given various names to attract customers and in packaging is done differently
from each other to fetch good market price in the market and also to attract
customers. This is mostly done to counter competition from other producers and
sellers in the market.
d. The product is intended for general market. Coffee is sold all over the world as its
consumption goes across the border from one country to another. The coffee is
also found in different prices depending on quality and differentiation so people
from various economic levels can access it. Thus it can be sold both locally and
internationally to any willing buyer.
Based on the research I have conducted, I would actually choose this country. This is
because of the well developed infrastructure in the transport sector where there is wide
road coverage, seaports and airports for linking the product with the local and
international market. Also the country has a relatively high population meaning there is
possibility of large domestic market, thus in case the international demand go down
producers of coffee are not affected that much. Also the high provides the much needed
labor in the coffee industry in terms of farmers, those involved in coffee processing,
packaging, transportation and in the service industry that comes with coffee like the
hotel industry. The country boasts of good agricultural land with good soil necessary for
the growth of coffee. In addition to this good climatic conditions favour growth of coffee
thus producing good quality coffee that fetch favorable prices in the international
market. All this factors combined makes Brazil suitable for all activities involved in coffee
industry. REFERENCES
1. Geert Hofstede (1980).Cultures Consequences; International differences in work-Related
values”
2. Central Intelligence Agency Website; Resources”Word Fact book”
3. Leigh Richards (2016).”Different Types of Market Systems”.

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