P13-7 (LO3) (Warranties) Alvarado Company sells a machine for $7,400 with a 12-month warranty agreement that requires the company to replace all defective parts and to provide the repair labor at no cost to the customers. With sales being made evenly throughout the year, the company sells 600 machines in 2017 (warranty expense is incurred half in 2017 and half in 2018). As a result of product testing, the company estimates that the warranty cost is $390 per machine ($170 parts and $220 labor).

Instructions

Assuming that actual warranty costs are incurred exactly as estimated, what journal entries would be made relative to the following facts?

(a)Sale of machinery and warranty expense incurred in 2017.

(b)Warranty accrual on December 31, 2017.

(c)Warranty costs incurred in 2018.

(d)What amount, if any, is disclosed in the balance sheet as a liability for future warranty costs as of December 31, 2017?

 

 

 

CA14-4 WRITING (Off-Balance-Sheet Financing) Matt Ryan Corporation is interested in building its own soda can manufacturing plant adjacent to its existing plant in Partyville, Kansas. The objective would be to ensure a steady supply of cans at a stable price and to minimize transportation costs. However, the company has been experiencing some financial problems and has been reluctant to borrow any additional cash to fund the project. The company is not concerned with the cash flow problems of making payments, but rather with the impact of adding additional long-term debt to its balance sheet.

The president of Ryan, Andy Newlin, approached the president of the Aluminum Can Company (ACC), its major supplier, to see if some agreement could be reached. ACC was anxious to work out an arrangement, since it seemed inevitable that Ryan would begin its own can production. The Aluminum Can Company could not afford to lose the account.

After some discussion, a two-part plan was worked out. First, ACC was to construct the plant on Ryan’s land adjacent to the existing plant. Second, Ryan would sign a 20-year purchase agreement. Under the purchase agreement, Ryan would express its intention to buy all of its cans from ACC, paying a unit price which at normal capacity would cover labor and material, an operating management fee, and the debt service requirements on the plant. The expected unit price, if transportation costs are taken into consideration, is lower than current market. If Ryan did not take enough production in any one year and if the excess cans could not be sold at a high enough price on the open market, Ryan agrees to make up any cash shortfall so that ACC could make the payments on its debt. The bank will be willing to make a 20-year loan for the plant, taking the plant and the purchase agreement as collateral. At the end of 20 years, the plant is to become the property of Ryan.

Instructions

(a)What are project financing arrangements using special-purpose entities?

(b)What are take-or-pay contracts?

(c)Should Ryan record the plant as an asset together with the related obligation?

(d)If not, should Ryan record an asset relating to the future commitment?

(e)What is meant by off-balance-sheet financing?

 

 

 

CA21-4 (Comparison of Different Types of Accounting by Lessee and Lessor)

Part 1: Capital leases and operating leases are the two classifications of leases described in FASB pronouncements from the standpoint of the lessee.

Instructions

(a)Describe how a capital lease would be accounted for by the lessee both at the inception of the lease and during the first year of the lease, assuming the lease transfers ownership of the property to the lessee by the end of the lease.

(b)Describe how an operating lease would be accounted for by the lessee both at the inception of the lease and during the first year of the lease, assuming equal monthly payments are made by the lessee at the beginning of each month of the lease. Describe the change in accounting, if any, when rental payments are not made on a straight-line basis.

Do not discuss the criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases.

Part 2: Sales-type leases and direct-financing leases are two of the classifications of leases described in FASB pronouncements from the standpoint of the lessor.

Instructions

Compare and contrast a sales-type lease with a direct-financing lease as follows.

(a)Lease receivable.

(b)Recognition of interest revenue.

(c)Manufacturer's or dealer's profit.

Do not discuss the criteria for distinguishing between the leases described above and operating leases.