1 Running head: AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Autism Spectrum Disorder
Ariana Cobos Abreu.
San Antonio College. 2 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Introduction
Autism sSspectrum dDisorders is defined as a neurological, and development disorder,
which begins in the early stages of child development. and ends up lasting throughout an
individual lifetime.[citation of source of this] The disorder affects how people acts and interact
with others. It also affects the communication and learning process of an individual. The disorder
can be separated into two, Asperger Syndrome and the Pervasive Developmental Disorders.
[citation of source of this] The term spectrum is derived from the wide range of symptoms that
those suffering from the disorder exhibits.[Actually the term spectrum refers to something other
than the wide range of symptoms but more to the wide range of severity of the disorder.
Recommend you rework the sentence to make this clear]. The aim of this paper will be to
understand the disorder in deeper details. The zeal to conduct this research has been driven by
the need to provide the community with the understanding of the disorder and how to deal with it
in case it is noticed or diagnosed. The focus of the paper will understand the symptoms and risk
factors. It will also be analyzing the risk factors and finally diagnosis and, treatment process.
I have been working with the San Antonio Autism Center, by volunteering, and providing
some technological services through my work place. Meeting the families, and individuals in the
Autism Spectrum inspired me to write this paper. I would love to keep on helping them, and use
my work to make the community an Autism friendly social environment. Picking this subject can
give me a better understanding of what they go through, and to also develop tools/skills to
operate in a useful way during volunteering time. 3 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Characteristics of people with ASD
Most of these individuals have a lot of ongoing social problems ranging from difficulty in
the communication and interacting with others as a result of the disorder. Second the issue of
repetitive behaviors which might cause limited interested and activities by the people (American
Psychiatric Association 2013). It is wise to note that those with this disorder the symptoms can
be noticed and recognized in the first two years of their life development. Most of the symptoms
exhibited hurt the ability of those who are affected to function at social places such as school or
work and other general areas of life (American Psychiatric Association 2013). The symptoms can
range from the mild impairment while on other people the symptoms are prominent and also
severe. According to the data released by CDE one out of 168 children are affected by the
disorder.
Symptoms
These can be divided into two the restrictive behaviors which include: the tendency of
those affected repeating a particular behavior over an extended period. In this repetition, the
behaviors portrayed are in most of the cases unusual (Manning-Courtney et al 2013). Another
symptom is having an overly focused interest. This interest can be destructive, or unworthy to the
person who is doing them. It can be said that it is caused by the lack of knowledge about what
they are doing (Manning-Courtney et al 2013). Lastly, is the issue of having lasting interest
which is attached to certain topics or subject matter that is related to numbers and details.
The second category is the social and interaction symptoms (Manning-Courtney et al
2013). These symptoms include the issue of getting upset by any slight changes to anything that
these individuals are committed to. It can extend to times when these people are changed from 4 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
their normal settings. The second set of symptoms are making little or no eye contact when
talking to a person. Most of these individuals are so shy that they tend to focus on other objects
when communicating (Manning-Courtney et al 2013). The third set of symptoms is the tendency
of having little interest in listening to what other people are saying or are talking about. In Most
cases these individuals do not listen to what it has been said; they’re just physically present, but
only perceiving to what could seem the best for their personal interests. Lastly, these patients
struggle sharing enjoyment about an activity or things they are doing with others (ManningCourtney et al 2013). They are very subjective, in most cases they will never point out a figure
they like. good
Other symptoms include: responding unusual ways when they are posed with threats and
danger from others. In most cases their response is detrimental, and they can cause injury to
those who are trying to harm (Manning-Courtney et al 2013). They are very slow when it comes
to responding to other individuals calling their names or responding to any verbal
communication. In some instance, they fail to respond at all. They have difficulties when
stablishing a conversation with others. In most cases, they tend to talk so much about their topic
of interest without even noticing other people’s views; or are uninterested with the topic
(Manning-Courtney et al 2013). They struggle giving other people time to respond to what they
were saying.
A behavior called Echolalia is a common trait. It is portrayed by repeating words and
phrases which these people tend to like and hear often. They also exhibit traits of using words in
the odd situation or out of place. In most cases, the words that they use have no particular
meaning but, they form big part of their communication skills set. In most cases, the facial
expression and body movement that these individuals make, are totally different to what they are 5 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
saying, which makes it hard to other people to comprehend. Lastly, is the issues of the unusual
tone of voice, the issue of having trouble understanding other points of argument, and even the
point of view that these people exhibits (Manning-Courtney et al 2013). It goes to the extent that
those affected are penniless when it comes to the process of predicting what other people will say
or would do, even at the smallest stake.
Diagnosing the ASD
In children, doctors can identify the disorder by just looking at the child’s behavior and
development patterns. In this case, the diagnosis is undertaken when the kids are two years old
(Lord et al 2013). In older children, and also adults, diagnosis should run when the teachers or
the parents raises concern about certain behaviors on their children. The behaviors should be in
most cases aligning with social and restriction components (Lord et al 2013). The process of
diagnosing ASD in adults is not simple, and may be mistaken for other mental disorders such as
attention deficit. An expert diagnosis should be used in this case to make sure that what is being
identified is correct, and avoid cases of failure diagnosis.
Risk factors
It is wise to note that scientists have not developed an argument, or scientific backing that
shows the real cause of the ASD. The only way to try to understand these is by analyzing the risk
factors that are tied to the disorder (Lauritsen, 2013). They include: concerning gender boys are
more susceptible as compared to girls, parents having the sibling with ASD, having children after
reaching the age of 35 years or more may be at risk of passing the risk to their kids. Genetic
factors play about 20 percent of the total kids. The condition that is related to gene make up that
may increase the risk are Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome. [not sure if you are saying 6 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
that having a diagnosis of Down syndrome or Fragile X makes you more likely to be diagnosed
with ASD? I am not aware that this true but it must have some citation or reference to support it.
Treatment
It all calls for early treatment of the affected individual as it reduces difficulties which
these individuals get by treating to teach them new skills, and utilizing their strengths. It will
ensure that those new skills will supplement their difficulties. Currently, there is no single
treatment that can be said to be the best in treating ASD (Lauritsen, 2013). The only way is
working closely with doctors to develop the program that the individuals might use in the
process. Thus, calls for the collaboration between the doctor and the parent to ensure that the
kids have the right program. Medication can be sued to reduce aggression, anxiety, and
depression.
I would add more specific information to this section to include the types of interventions
that are used. Since the paper is a bit less than the 5 required pages this would help in two ways.
Conclusion
It is clear that there is no specific treatment for the disorder. The only way one can make
the journey better is by trying to create an environment that can help these individuals, and have
maximum utilization of their potential to build a new framework. This could make it easier to
adopt them into the social setting, and give them a new sense of hope and understanding. The
value of humanity is helping others when they are faced with the problems, and the Autism
Spectrum Disorder is one of them.
This is not really a summary but an extension of the prior section. Develop the
conclusion in accordance with the term paper instructions. 7 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER 8 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
(DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.
Lauritsen, M. B. (2013). Autism spectrum disorders. European child & adolescent
psychiatry, 22(1), 37-42.
Lord, C., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., & Amaral, D. G. (2013). Autism spectrum
disorders. Autism: The Science of Mental Health, 28(2), 217.
Manning-Courtney, P., Murray, D., Currans, K., Johnson, H., Bing, N., Kroeger-Geoppinger,
K., ... & Messerschmidt, T. (2013). Autism spectrum disorders. Current problems in
pediatric and adolescent health care, 43(1), 2-11.
https://psicovalero.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/dsm-v-manual-diagnc3b3stico-yestadc3adstico-de-los-trastornos-mentales.pdf 9 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER .

 

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