Running head: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 1 Domestic Violence
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Date DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 2
Abstract Domestic violence is one source of trauma for both children and adults, regardless of
their age. It has adverse effects, which reflect immediately after the occurrence of the violent act,
or in a later life. There are both short-term and long-term effects of domestic violence, on
trauma. To cope with these problems early enough, a crisis intervention personnel can intervene
to stop the situation from worsening. They can use certain strategies to resolve such issues as
discussed below. Domestic abuse does affect not only the spouse but also those who witness the
violent acts such as children. Kids usually get traumatized, and they may develop Post Traumatic
Stress Disorders (PTSD) from experiencing such violence acts from their parents. There are
ways in which PTSD can be treated which include therapy, medication and several other tactics.
Instilling trauma in a human body is discussed in a scientific perspective, how it occurs in the
body and how it affects the health state of a body. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 3
Introduction Traumatizing experiences in life cause most of the commonly observed mental disorders.
Trauma has long term adverse effects to human life. When a child passes through some suffering,
this adversely affects their growth mentally, and also physically. Once the child gets to
adulthood, the childhood experiences remain traumatizing to them. Domestic violence causes
trauma not only to children but also to adults. Later, Post Traumatic Stress Disorders crop up and
to recover from such experiences, the child or adult is compelled to go through therapy to help
them improve and be able to lead normal lives again. Since the family may fail to be in a position
to resolve the issue, efforts from outside are required, maybe from a crisis intervention personnel
who has vast experience on how to handle crisis and help in getting things back to control in the
family, and also help in recovery of the traumatized victims.
Domestic Violence
First, it is important to get to know what domestic violence is, what causes it, what effects
does it bring and in what ways can it be avoided, or stopped. In defining domestic violence, it
entails physical assault, deliberate intimidation, sexual assault, battery, and even behaving
abusively that is perpetrated by one partner to another in intimacy. In domestic violence, the
victimized partner experiences emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse and also
psychological torture. Apparently, the frequency of assaults, or acts of violence between intimate
partners varies. To some, it happens quite often, and to others, it repeats after some time, even to
others, it might have happened just once. But, the common thing in this type of violence is that
one partner usually has control over the other. In most cases, men dominate women due to their
nature of having masculine power and being favored by various cultures and religions such as
Christianity and Islam where they are considered superior to women, and they should submit to DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 4 them (Ephesians 5:22-33). Thus, they assume that they have power to even punishing them for
failing to do so.
But, this is not always the case. In some cases of domestic violence, things turn the other
way around where one finds a man being overpowered by his wife and what follows is the man
being abused. But generally, domestic violence can be considered as an epidemic that is affecting
everybody regardless of community, religion, sexual orientation, economic status, gender,
nationality, race, or even age. When dominance control gets accompanied by emotions that are
abusive—which are mostly triggered by anger, a controlling behavior may occur, which in most
cases brings in the idea of assaulting the provoker, the partner in most cases. Domestic violence
does not result in anything positive. There is negativity (Guth, 2000). For instance, it can lead to
physical injuries, psychological trauma, and also death in some cases. The harm caused by
domestic violence, either physical or mental torture can last a lifetime. It does not only affect
intimate partners, for instance, husband and wife, but it also affects other family members such
as children.
Several things are found to lead to domestic violence in most cases. Some of them are
found where a partner can tell their mate not to do anything without their permission, jealousy of
the partner, accusing the partner of being a cheat, restricting the partner’s freedom not to go
seeing friends and family, having put-down or embarrassed the partner, the partner being in
control of even coin and ruling over how it should be spent. In other instances, one can take the
partner’s money and fail to give it back, and violence may occur and other things like a partner
being in control of where a partner goes, what they do, or even who they see. Also, being a
dictator of how a partner should behave or what they should dress, also stalk them in every move
they take. Another most likely source of violence is where the victim gets prevented from DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 5 making their decisions, and issuing threats where they may be threatening to kill them or their
friends, or even their pets. Also, violence can be caused by the assailant intimidating the victim
using weapons such as guns, knives and other crude weapons.
Other possible things that perpetrate or indicates domestic violence include the
destruction of a partner’s property, forcing sex, sabotaging birth control by not agreeing to use of
protection, or forcing a partner to use drugs or alcohol. Violence can also come from preventing
the partner from making attending school, harassment, for instance by keeping them up all night
to that they can help them in their jobs. According to the National Collation Against Domestic
Violence (NCADV), an average of 20 individuals get abused physically in every one minute,
who happen to be in an intimate relationship. In a person’s lifetime, one woman in 3 and one
man in four have ever been victims of domestic violence either once or in several times in their
lives. When it comes to stalking, over the general population, one woman in 7 and one man in 18
of them get stalked or have ever been stalked by their intimate partner in their lifetime. In every
day, the domestic violence hotline usually receives approximately 20, 000 phone calls (Statistics,
2017). Domestic violence comprises of 15% of all violent crimes that take place in the United
States. Of all domestic violence cases that have been reported so far, 19% of them have the
assailants use weapons. With these demographics, it can be observed that there are very many
people who get traumatized by domestic violence, which can be considered to be on its high in
the United States.
To solve this kind of problem as a crisis respondent, it is important to pay attention to the
case, know how exactly it is and do some further assessment to know if the fact is right. Then the
respondent can go ahead and follow the 6-step model of crisis intervention. Using this model in a
case of domestic violence, he can first define the problem—which is domestic violence in this DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 6 case while looking at both the side of the offender and the victims, to know exactly what resulted
in the situation. The next step would be to ensure the victims are safe from harm. This can be
done by making sure that the perpetrators are disarmed and separated from the victim. The crisis
respondent can achieve this by sending ensuring that the offender is sent to custody until things
calm down. While in custody, the defendant can go ahead to offer guidance and counseling to
them as well as providing moral support to the victim or the abused. The defendant can move to
the fifth step of planning on how the future would be. For instance, the abuser can be convicted,
or be rehabilitated in the aim of stopping him from committing such acts in future. A plan on
how to help the victim recover, which might be a treatment or offering guidance and counseling
should be administered to the domestic violence victim. Lastly, on this model, the crisis
respondent should obtain a commitment from the victim, who is the client in this case to verbally
utter words that they can commit themselves to doing what is required of them to get out of the
situation.
Domestic Violence and Children
Even children can become victims of domestic violence. Apart from direct assault, there
are other ways in which children experience domestic violence. In most cases, they observe their
parents or caregivers, one threatening or attacking the other in anger and recklessness, and
ranting aggressively. The children are forced to live with the aftermath of the violent abuse acts.
When children hear, their caregivers being threatened, they get to fear a lot, which is
traumatizing, whether the violent acts resulted in physical harm or not. Also, the children who
live in places where domestic violence happens many times, their probability of getting abused
too remains high (Pynoos, 2008). Therefore, it can be said that domestic violence puts a child at
high risk of child abuse. Also, it affects the emotional state of a child, and psychological torture DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 7 as the child is not confident of their physical well-being, especially when the domestic violence
is chronic—happens many times and has lasted for long.
The children might experience short-term effects from the trauma or even long-term ones.
On the case of short-term effects, the children the child may show the following reactions
immediately after domestic violence; experiencing nightmares, showing increased rate of
aggression, being more anxious, finding it difficult to concentrate either when talking to someone
or in class, generally where the child’s attention may be required. The child also suffers anxiety.
They also keep worrying because they usually feel their safety threatened. On the other hand,
long-term effects of domestic violence on a child include physical health problems, wild
behaviors during adolescence such as juvenile delinquency, alcoholism as well as drug and
substance abuse. In adulthood, the person suffers emotional difficulties such as depression,
PTSD, and anxiety disorders. In this case also, the crisis respondent should apply the six-step
crisis intervention model.
Trauma in the Body
As it is in human nature, the body reacts to any situation. For instance, in response to
danger, the body’s reaction is mostly escaping—which is a natural instinct for survival. The body
enters into short circuits—it generates large amounts of energy to help it manage to make out of
the life-threatening situation, either by fighting, or fleeing. The short circuits react to a person’s
body and mind, which results to shock, dissociations, and several other sorts of automatic
responses while violence is taking place (Humphreys, 2003).
Apparently, the short circuits that were raised by the violent acts remain in the body even
long after the domestic violence acts take place and the mental, physical, and spiritual effects DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 8 also remain. This implies that after the domestic violence acts take place, the body takes long to
re-adjust and cope with the problem. Some of the residues of the trauma caused by the domestic
violence, either physical, mental, or spiritual, have permanent effects on daily lives of the
victims, where it gets hard for them to heal unless the individual undergoes treatment which may
include therapy and prescription of drugs. A crisis respondent, in this case, should implement the
model, and mostly emphasize on medical support for the client/victim.
More Effects of Domestic Violence
In effect to the mental condition, PTSD in a scientific approach is triggered by an event
that was terrifying. For instance, witnessing domestic violence leads to this problem. This
disorder can be detected in a person through symptoms such as nightmares, uncontrollable
thoughts about an event where a person is found to contemplate a lot, flashbacks, and anxiety
(PTSD) (Chemtob, 2004). Without or moral support, such a victim can get worse on the
condition, of which it can also lead to some malady. But, when a person receives, treatment, even
though it takes a lot of time to heal, the eventually do.
On the other hand, depression—commonly taken to be chronic sadness, also comes as an
aftermath of domestic violence. To know of a person suffering from depression, they usually
show symptoms such as unexplained crying, remaining sad for a prolonged time, abnormally
high rate of losing or gaining weight within a short period of time, experiencing a feeling of
hopelessness, losing pressure or interest in doing things or engaging in activities, and also
experiencing loss of appetite. As a result, this can highly impact the individual’s way of thinking,
as well as their ability to make a decision. There are some cases where depression has extreme
and advanced side effects where it may lead to bringing in suicidal thoughts or even attempts to a
person. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 9 Looking at the third main effect—dissociation, it is the feeling that a person experiences
of being “checked out” or absent. Now, this problem gets to have its symptoms revealed in a
person through day-dreaming. In some cases, where dissociation takes to be chronic, more
complex, or sophisticated symptoms are observed where the person impaired of the ability to
function in the real world. This can be characterized by not being able to focus on duty or line of
work, or losing concentration in school work. The three types of disorders discussed here should
help the crisis respondent to have all the necessary information for him to be able to assist the
client.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it has been observed that domestic violence is one major source of trauma
in many people’s lives. In the United States, domestic violence remains high, and it also leads to
adverse effects, both short term and long term. Domestic violence affects everybody, regardless
of age. It also has a negative impact to those who witness such as children. The adverse effects of
domestic violence may me long lasting and very much sensitive in a way that they require
treatment. Most of the effects of domestic violence are anxiety, depression, and PTSD. A person
who undergoes some of these problems fails to be productive and loses concentration in work
and in studies too. The crisis respondent has the responsibility to cope with this problem before it
gets worse, thus the victim should consult ones. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 10 References
Chemtob, C. M., & Carlson, J. G. (2004). Psychological Effects of Domestic Violence on
Children and Their Mothers. International Journal of Stress Management, 11(3), 209.
Guth, A. A., & Pachter, H. L. (2000). Domestic violence and the trauma surgeon. The American
Journal of Surgery, 179(2), 134-140.
Humphreys, C., & Thiara, R. (2003). Mental health and domestic violence:‘I call it symptoms of
abuse’. British journal of social work, 33(2), 209-226.
Statistics. (2017). Retrieved March 30, 2017, from http://ncadv.org/learn-more/statistics
Pynoos, R. S., Fairbank, J. A., Steinberg, A. M., Amaya-Jackson, L., Gerrity, E., Mount, M. L., &
Maze, J. (2008). The National Child Traumatic Stress Network: Collaborating to improve
the standard of care. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39(4), 389.

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