A-----------ssi-----------gnm-----------ent----------- ti-----------tle----------- S-----------tud-----------ent-----------’-----------s I-----------D -----------Cou-----------rse----------- Na-----------me ----------- Co-----------urs-----------e N-----------o. ----------- Da-----------te ----------- In-----------tro-----------duc-----------tio-----------n -----------Val-----------idi-----------ty -----------is -----------con-----------sid-----------ere-----------d t-----------o b-----------e o-----------ne -----------of -----------the----------- mo-----------st -----------imp-----------ort-----------ant----------- fa-----------cto-----------rs -----------tha-----------t m-----------ust----------- be----------- co-----------nsi-----------der-----------ed -----------whi-----------le -----------con-----------duc-----------tin-----------g a-----------ny -----------res-----------ear-----------ch.----------- Va-----------lid-----------ity----------- is----------- co-----------nsi-----------der-----------ed -----------to -----------be -----------the----------- ex-----------ten-----------t t-----------o w-----------hic-----------h a-----------ny -----------con-----------cep-----------t o-----------r m-----------eas-----------ure-----------men-----------t c-----------orr-----------esp-----------ond-----------s t-----------o p-----------rac-----------tic-----------al -----------wor-----------ld -----------in -----------an -----------acc-----------ura-----------te -----------man-----------ner----------- an-----------d i-----------s w-----------ell----------- fo-----------und-----------ed.----------- In----------- ot-----------her----------- wo-----------rds----------- we----------- ca-----------n s-----------ay -----------tha-----------t v-----------ali-----------dit-----------y i-----------s t-----------he -----------ext-----------ent----------- to----------- wh-----------ich----------- an-----------y s-----------tud-----------y i-----------s m-----------eas-----------uri-----------ng