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Select the single best answer for each question or statement .
Dr. Wayne is a social psychologist interested in determining the effectiveness of a
weight reduction program on weight loss. Since Dr. Wayne is looking for cause and
effect relationships , he should: 2 a. use a correlational approach to the problem. b. conduct experimental research, which includes manipulating variables . c. conduct field research. d. use survey research in which he questions his subjects about their eating
habits and asks them to keep a diary of their weight loss. As Pete Rose, the record-holding baseball player, was close to breaking the record
for becoming the all time hits leader in the major league, he faced Atlanta Braves
pitcher, Gene Garber . Garber struck him out. Later, in a famous interview in the
locker room, Rose appeared to be dumbfounded that Garber would pitch the way he
did and accused Garber of pitching like he thought he was in the World Series. In
making that claim, Rose explains his failure by using an explanatory bias common to
some athletes. What is that explanatory bias and how does one do it?
a. Self-serving bias; Attribute success to yourself and your failures to external factors
-(e.g. other people, circumstances , etc.)
__ b. c. d.
-- Self-assumption bias; Assume that others agree with you whether you know if
they do or not
Self-efficacy bias; Assume that your successes and failures have the power
to raise your self-esteem if handled properly
Insight bias; Assume that you have insight into your competition that they may not
have themselves 3 4 Donna is angry with her husband, Ted, because she believes that Ted has been
unfaithful to her. The truth is that Ted has not been unfaithful to her but is growing
very weary of her constant accusations and threats based upon her unfounded
assumptions. Ted and Donna come to you for counseling. According to social
psychological research, which one of the following would be your best course of
action to help Donna get beyond her unfounded suspicions?
a. Encourage Donna to take the opposite point of view and argue why it may be
true that Ted is indeed faithful to her b. Allow Donna to vent her emotions at Ted until she grows weary of doing so c. Help Donna to gain insight into why she has such a difficult time trusting Ted d. Encourage Ted to surprise Donna with encouraging comments about her
character and talents George is a missionary who has spent the past eight years in Kenya. He has
returned to the United States only once during that time and then only briefly to
attend his mother's funeral. At the end of those eight years, George decides to
return to the United States to help run the family business. Because he is taking on
a new social role in a culture much different from Kenya, which one of the following
statements is George most likely to make to his brother, Ed, who has never been out
of the United States?
a. "Boy, Ed. All of this is so familiar. It's great to be home!" b. "Ed, you want to know something that bothers me? I can't get over the size of
our trash cans!" c. "Ed, I feel as comfortable as a hand in a glove." d. "Ed, I can’t tell you how terrible it was for me in Kenya." 7 Upper class Jerry believes that Homeless Joe is an inferior person to himself. He
characterizes Homeless Joe as lazy and irresponsible as one who "wouldn't work if
you threw a job at him." He believes homeless people are homeless because they
are lazy and that "for anyone to be homeless with all of the opportunity in America
is ridiculous." A social psychologist would say that Jerry's beliefs:
a. are the original source of Jerry's own prejudicial actions. b. are irrelevant to Joe since Joe lives in the inner-city, at least 40 miles from
the suburbs where Jerry lives. c. are used to justify the unequal social status of Joe and himself. d. have little or no influence on Jerry's behavior toward the homeless. 8 Grace sometimes explodes with rage toward her husband. Later she feels a great
deal of shame for her behavior but justifies it by saying, I can't help it. I have so
many things go on in a day and feel so much pressure from so many people that I
just have to explode." Grace's explanation illustrates what psychologists call:
a. __b. catharsis. displacement. c. projection. d. reaction formation. 9 10 Karen is very concerned about her brother, Ray. She is bothered by his one night
stand approach to relationships. She fears for his physical, emotional, and spiritual
health. Ray, on the other hand, says that he doesn't want to get tied down to a
committed relationship. Ray is 36 years old and has never had a committed
relationship with anyone, even Karen. While there may be many reasons for Ray's
choices, psychologists who have studied the ways in which people become attached
would say that Ray displays:
a. a tendency toward secure attachment. b. a tendency toward insecure attachment. c. a tendency toward avoidant attachment. d. signs of a schizoid personality disorder. According to social psychologists , when someone says that a certain group inflicts
pain because they are evil they commit the
. According to social
psychologists, to avoid this problem, leaders should take a different approach. What
is that approach?
a. fundamental attribution error; explore the situational variables that leads them
to inflict pain b. fundamental attribution error; explore the dispositional and personality variables
that would lead them to inflict pain c. mirror-image bias; assume that the other holds views different from your own d. groupthink bias; lead the group to brainstorm some strategic moves in relation
to the evil person Social Psychology S06