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    Devry University
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Category > Social Science Posted 26 Jul 2017 My Price 10.00

I have an assignments with 2 Paragraphs

writing paragraphs

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Chapter 1
The Sociological Perspective
Sociology Seeks to Reveal
•
Sociology is a discipline that seeks to reveal the workings of human societies
•
This may mean that what sociology discovers could challenge commonly
held beliefs about how society operates or criticize widely held beliefs and
social practices, or it may provoke change in well established social
institutions or the established social order
•
Sociology:
•
Seeks to investigate the complex interplay between individuals, groups and society
•
Understand the connections between social forces, human behaviors and social order
Sociology is not...
•
Common Sense are those obvious reactions to various social circumstances
•
For example, common sense would dictate that you don’t text while crossing a busy street
•
Common Knowledge consists of beliefs about the social world based on a general
consensus not empirical evidence
•
Most Americans, for example, believe that violent crime is on the rise. However, violent
crime in the U.S. has been on the decline for more than 20 years
•
Conventional Wisdom involves assumptions about the social world that are widely
agreed upon but are not necessarily true
•
Drunk walking is much more dangerous, on average than drunk driving
Thinking Sociologically
•
The Sociological Perspective is viewing the way that social forces, patterns,
and circumstances affect individual and group life
•
Economic forces, along with such things as gender, race, and social class all influence
the ways in which individuals live and interact with others
•
The Sociological Imagination is recognizing and understanding how your life
is shaped by both personal decisions and larger social/historical forces
•
College attendance used to only be reserved for elite white men, but due to historical and social
changes as to who may attend college, college students are from a variety of backgrounds
Microsociology and Macrosociology
•
Microsociology focuses on interactions between individuals and within small
groups
•
For example, microsociology would examine conversations between men and women,
teacher-student interactions, or how people greet each other
•
Macrosociology is concerned with examining and understanding large social
structures
•
For example, macrosociology would focus religion, workplace inequality, or poverty
The Earliest Contributors to Sociology
•
Plato discussed government and philosopher kings as the ideal
rulers
•
Plato’s ideas emerged in work of early sociologists
•
Aristotle examined humans as social creatures and noted that
“society...precedes the individual”
•
Ibn
Khaldun
connected the idea of social cohesion with the
success or disruption of social life in the late 1300’s
•
Enlightenment thinkers analysis of the world from a scientific
viewpoint spurred the development of sociology
Auguste
Comte
•
Auguste
Comte developed the idea that society itself could be
understood through the use of positivism or the idea that social life can
be revealed through observation
•
Developed concepts based on social statics and social dynamics
•
Social statics are the parts of society and their relationship to each other
•
Social dynamics was the idea that society, like an organism, develops and grows
over time
•
Comte believed that society progressed through three stages
•
The theological stage would be guided by belief in the supernatural
•
The metaphysical stage would be guided by some larger universal or power
•
The scientific or positivist stage would be based on empirical observation
examining the connection between social forces and social behavior
Harriet Martineau
•
Harriet Martineau believed that all elements of society should be
investigated to gain a fuller understanding of social phenomena
•
Martineau was focused on human happiness and how it might be achieved
•
Focused on how gender, race, and social class influenced the ability to find
happiness
•
Martineau was critical of America for denying women full participation in
society as well as maintaining slavery
•
Martineau was specifically interested in social manners and social morals
•
Social manners are patterns of interaction and the structured practices that make up
social institutions
•
Social morals are a society’s collective ideas of how to behave, what we commonly
refer to as values and behaviors
Herbert Spencer
•
Spencer’s ideas formed core of the structural-functionalist perspective
•
Spencer viewed society as organism with social structures that functioned and supported
each other to keep society “alive”
•
Societies move toward equilibrium and are held together by common values, traditions, and beliefs
•
Spencer developed the concept known as social
darwinism
which is the belief that like living
creatures, society evolves over time from simple to more complex forms through adaptation
to the physical environment, and that the social arrangements found in society are natural
and inevitable
•
Spencer suggested the term “survival of the fittest” instead of Darwin’s “natural selection”
•
Spencer believed social welfare programs were wrong and only supported those better left to die

 

 

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CourseLover
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Status NEW Posted 26 Jul 2017 02:07 PM My Price 10.00

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