Investigation 10B: EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK WEATHER
"Figure 1 shows a winter low-pressure system (extratropical cyclone) that at map time
is intensifying over eastern Colorado. Over the subsequent two days, the storm system
is forecast to track towards the Great Lakes region. Track A would have the cyclone
center passing by Detroit to the southeast of the city and Track B would have the
cyclone center passing by to the northwest of Detroit. In either case, the system would
pass close enough to Detroit to have major consequences for the city’s weather. The
potential positions of the cyclone center along each of the two tracks (Track A and
Track B) at 12-hour intervals are indicated by heavy dots. As the cyclone tracks toward
the Great Lakes, the system progresses through its life cycle. The cold and warm fronts
gradually rotate about the cyclone center with the faster cold front closing in on the
slower warm front. 1. Using track A frontal positions shown in Texas as the starting point, pencil in the
cyclone’s estimated cold and warm frontal positions at 12-hour intervals along its
predicted path. Draw the fronts from the low-pressure center at each locations. For
simplicity, draw the warm front in essentially the same position relative to the low
pressure center and gradually rotate the cold front until it is oriented roughly north/south
24 hours after its Texas position. With Track A, residents of Detroit ______ experience
the passage of fronts. do do not 2. Apply the hand-twist model of low pressure systems to the cyclone’s position at 12-hour
intervals along Track A. Assume that before the storm’s arrival the wind at Detroit is
blowing form the east. As the cyclone approaches the wind shifts form the east to the
______. southeast northeast
3. Considering the wind shifts and frontal positions at Detroit as the cyclone passes through
the region along Track A, the city is on the relatively _______ side of the system. warm cold
4. Using the cyclone's Track B frontal positions in Oklahoma as a guide, pencil in the
associated cold front and warm front at 12-hour intervals. Follow the same guidelines you
employed in drawing Track A frontal positions. With Track B, residents of Detroit
_______ experience the passage of fronts. do do not
5. Apply the hand-twist model of low pressure systems to each of the storm’s 12-hour
positions along Track B. Assume that initially the wind at Detroit is blowing from the
east. As the storm approaches the wind shifts from the east to the southeast northeast
6. Considering the wind shifts at Detroit as the cyclone’s center passes through Michigan
along Track B, Detroit is positioned to experience weather related to the relatively
______ side of the system. warm cold
7. One extended period of substantial snowfall at Detroit is more likely if the cyclone takes
Track ____. A B
8. Two periods of precipitation, more likely to be rain, separated by a short period of
relatively warm fair weather at Detroit might occur if the cyclone takes Track ___ A B
9. As the cyclone center approaches Detroit on either storm track, the air pressure at the city
____ falls rises 10. As the cyclone center moves away from Detroit, the air pressure at the city ____ falls rises
11. The next weather system to affect Detroit is likely a cold ______ approaching from
central Canada. cyclone anticyclone
Applications
12. Figure 2 is the surface weather map for 12Z 25 Feb 2015. Dallas, in northeastern Texas,
was north of the low-pressure center of the storm system, located in the western Gulf of
Mexico at map time. The temperature at Dallas was ______ F and the dew point was 31. 27 31 33 35 13. Dallas was located where radar echoes _____ detect precipitation occurring. did did not 14. "Dallas’ present weather condition at map time (shown faintly as a triangle with a dot in
the middle ) in the station model indicated that ________ was occurring." rain drizzle ice pellets snow 15. "This type of precipitation ________ consistent with that occurring in winter storms." is is not
16. "Lake Charles, in southwest Louisiana, had a temperature of ________ °F and the
dewpoint was 36 °F. Lake Charles was southeast of Dallas and closer to the Gulf and the
off-shore warm front." 29 31 35 38
17. "Lake Charles’ present weather condition, shown faintly as two dots in the station model,
indicated that ________ was occurring." rain drizzle ice pellets snow
18. "This type of precipitation ________ a frozen form." was was not 19. "The Figure 3 composite map showed the storm system’s low-pressure at 12Z 25 FEB
2015 by the yellow L located near the ________ coast, consistent with the Figure 2
position at that time." Texas Mississippi
Florida
Georgia 20. "Precipitation in the top and bottom panels of Figure 3 ________ generally cover the
south-central and southeastern regions of the U.S. as a general eastward motion of an
extratropical cyclone along the plotted track would be expected to produce." does does not
21. "The snow precipitation (upper panel) was located during this period to the ________ of
the line you drew from Texas to North Carolina." north south
22. "The non-snow precipitation (lower panel) was located during this period, mostly to the
________ of the line you drew from Texas to North Carolina." north south
23. "The areas that experienced snow were located to the ________ of the storm track, your
bold arrow." north south
24. "Placing yourself on the map on either of the storm track arrows and looking along the
direction the storm moved, during the storm’s passage, the “cold” side would be to the
_______ of the storm track." left right
25. "In the bottom, non-snow precipitation map, rain is found trending ________ the storm
track." parallel to entirely south of
26. "Looking along the storm track arrow you placed on the non-snow precipitation map,
during the storm’s passage, the “warm” side would be generally to the ________ of the
track." left right
27. "The relative position of the cold-side, snow precipitation in this actual storm ________
generally consistent with the model presented in the introductory portion of Investigation
10B." was
was not

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