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CHAPTER-1INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

These days’ technology are everything human cannot be separated with technology as it has become the living style of the world. As the technology can aid blind people. “According toworld health organization in the year 2011, they are more than 285 million people are visually impaired living in the world” [WHO, 2011]. Blindness is a kind of disability in which the sufferer needs a continuous help even for the most simple things need to the life. Usually blind people can educate guess of the obstacle in front them without knowing the real distance of the obstacle from them, mobility for the blind people can be defined as mobility to move with safety and ease through environment without relying on others, but after they are get trained with specialists in orientation to use tools and be able to get safely independently and confidently, as well as most commonly mobility aid used by the blind are walking stick and guide dog to help their movement. But there are issues for this kind of tools to navigation the user. The walking stick it has limit arrange for detect obstacle preview from the user that swing around their feet to detect an obstacle around their step and as a result, the user has to be warierof walking and moving very slowly. As for the guide dogs, the training to directing the blind people are a difficult task and the result are least. However, they are some research on this assistant device for the blind has been done by many people to reduce the limited ability of the blind people. The “smart helmet for the blind” could be a device that may help visually impaired to facilitate movement and to perform daily activities without relying on others too much. The smart helmet with the addition of an ultrasonic sensor, Arduino UNO will help blind to move smooth and give a feedback to the user if there are an obstacle in front of them in the range between 2 cm to 300 cm.

 

 

 

 

1.2 Problem statement.

Most of the blind people relying on others and most of the people use walking stick or guiding dog it is the most comment aid tools use for blind people, but they need to get well trained to use those tools for activists and perform in their daily life. At the same time, the walking stick can only to detect obstacle up to 2 meters of the user and it cannot warn the user if there are an obstacle in front of him until he touched it. As well as for guide dog, has to get trained to avoid obstacle only. As an animal, he cannot take some time he can change his behavior because of the environment.

 

1.3 Objective.

The main objective of this project is to design a smart helmet to increase the mobility of a blind person and to implement a navigation system. To increase the mobility ability, the ultrasonic sensor is used to sense obstacles and distance plus alert the blind people through vibration.

 

1.4 Scope.

To achieve the objectives, the scope of this project are determined. For the hardware, the ultrasonic sensor will be used as a sensor to detect obstacles in the front and it will send a signal to Arduino UNO which acts as a microcontroller. The microcontroller will process data and send to DC motor give vibration. For the software, the design of the circuit is done using Fritzing software and the program will be done using Arduino software.

 

1.5 Proposed solution.

The smart helmet for the blind is specially designed to detect an obstacle which may help the blind to navigate carefree to perform daily activities without relying too much on others. The vibration feedback will keep the user alert and considerably reduce accidents. The smart helmet will warn whenever there is an obstacle in the path of the user.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER-3  METHODOLOGY

 

3.1 Introduction:

This chapter defines the methods of assembling and implementation of the project also the type of component used. The select of components and software must outfit the project. To get the output and success of the project, few things need to be a concernfordoing this project. The process of the project is described in this chapter as well as the use of software and hardware.

 

3.2 Project Overview:

This project mostly consists of two parts, hardware design and software design. Hardware design is made up of three sections. Arduino UNO is using a microcontroller for embedded system. The ultrasonic sensor is characterized to sense obstacles and send the feedback to vibrating motor. Software design mainly controlled be C/C++ language to processing Arduino UNO and in an electricalcircuit by using Fritzing software to create the circuit and to get the simulation.