Answer ALL Parts of the Exam as indicated.
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PART I. Please the following questions briefly but thoroughly. Value: 25%.


Please write a 500 word book review of After the Paris Attacks aimed a readers like yourself. What are its strong and weak points and chapters; what are its better and weaker sections, and why; who would profit from it, and how, and so forth? Be specific!
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PART II. Please answer one (1) and only one of the following questions. Be certain that you answer all parts of the question, and that you indicate clearly where you are drawing on your readings or other sources in your response. Value: 50%.


1. What are the general parameters of extremist groups in the developed democratic countries of North America and Western Europe (and Japan if you wish); that is, what topical areas do they cover, how extensive is their organization, how do they operate, and in what ways have they recently changed (if they have)? To what extent do these groups share similar interests and/or objectives? How do they differ? To what extent do they present a similar threat to the public order and public safety in the countries where they operate, and what are the counter-terrorist policies currently being pursued in responding to that threat?

2. Is there such a thing as a Agood terrorist?@ By what definition of Agood@ and/or Aterrorist@ can you answer that question affirmatively? Do Agood terrorists@ behave differently than Abad@ ones in terms of goals, targets, organization, et cetera? Are they to be found in certain geographical areas more than others? Is it easier for some types of terrorist organizations to make that claim than for others? To what extent is counter-terrorist activity affected when directed against Agood terrorists,@ and how do you go about combating them? Finally, to what extent can the war against terrorism be labeled Aa just war@ and to what extent is it helpful to do so? Please make your reasoning clear throughout?

3. What did the 9-11 Commission identify as the United States principal areas of vulnerability to future terrorist attacks (i.e., deficits in our defense systems) and how did the Commission recommend that those areas be addressed? Finally, have events since the filing of that report confirmed or challenged the Commission=s analysis in terms of the nature of the threat that the United States faces?


PART III. Please answer the following question. As in Part II, be certain that you answer all parts of the question, and that you indicate clearly where you are drawing on your readings or other sources in your response. Value: 25%.

Leaving aside the use of terrorism as a tool by which states control their own citizens and focusing on the use of terrorism as a means of influencing government and achieving specific political objectives, have terrorists ever succeeded in achieving their announced, broad political objectives? If so, where, how often, and what type of terrorist organizations have been successful, and why? Conversely, are there any types of terrorist organizations that are most likely to fail, or be susceptible to counter-terrorist activity? Finally, to what extent are the ANew Terrorist@ groups of today likely to succeed I meeting their goals. As always, please make your reasoning clear, especially in terms of identifying specific groups and their goals throughout your answer.