About SophiaPretty

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Teaching Since:	Jul 2017
Last Sign in:	304 Weeks Ago, 1 Day Ago
Questions Answered:	15833
Tutorials Posted:	15827

Education

MBA,PHD, Juris Doctor
Strayer,Devery,Harvard University
Mar-1995 - Mar-2002

Experience

Manager Planning
WalMart
Mar-2001 - Feb-2009

Category > Health & Medical Posted 13 Sep 2017 My Price 10.00

please help me answer the following questions on the attachments.

please help me answer the following questions on the attachments. please it is due in five hours time. God bless you all for doing a great and sincere job to help others. a good wo

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

What is the most influential factor that has shaped the nursing profession?

a)	Physicians’ need for handmaidens
b)	Societal need for health care outside the home
c)	Military demand for nurses in the field
d)	Germ theory influence on sanitation

Which of the following contributions of Florence Nightingale had an immediate impact on improving patients’ health?

a)	Providing a clean environment
b)	Improving nursing education
c)	Changing the delivery of care in hospitals
d)	Establishing nursing as a distinct profession

Which statement pertaining to Benner’s practice model for clinical competence is true?

a)	Progression through the stages is constant with most nurses reaching the proficient stage.
b)	Progression through the stages involves continual development of thinking and technical skills.
c)	The nurse must have experience in many areas before being considered an expert.
d)	The nurse’s progress through the stages is determined by years of experience and skills.

A nursing instructor is guiding nursing students on best practices for interviewing patients. Which of the following comments by a student would indicate the need for further instruction?

a)	“My patient is a young adult, so I plan to talk to her without her parents in the room.”
b)	“Because my patient is old enough to be my grandfather, I will call him ‘Mr.’”
c)	“When reading my patient’s health record, I thought of a few questions to ask.”
d)	“When I give my patient his pain medication, I will have time to ask questions.”

How does a risk nursing diagnosis differ from a possible nursing diagnosis?

a)	A risk diagnosis is based on data about the patient.
b)	A possible diagnosis is based on partial (or incomplete) data.
c)	Nurses collect the data to support risk diagnoses.
d)	A possible diagnosis becomes an actual diagnosis when symptoms develop.

Based only on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which nursing diagnosis should have the highest priority?

a)	Self-Care Deficit
b)	Risk for Aspiration
c)	Impaired Physical Mobility
d)	Disturbed Sensory Perception

What is wrong with the format of this diagnostic statement:
Possible Risk for Constipation related to irregular defecation habits A.M.B. statement that “When I’m busy, I can’t always take the time to go to the bathroom.”

a)	Possible nursing diagnoses do not have signs and symptoms.
b)	A nursing diagnosis is either a possible risk or a risk, not both.
c)	Constipation is a medical diagnosis.
d)	The etiology is actually a defining characteristic.

What do initial, ongoing, and discharge planning have in common?

a)	They are based on assessment and diagnosis.
b)	They focus on the patient’s perception of his needs.
c)	They require input from a multidisciplinary team.
d)	They have specific timelines in which to be completed.

Which of the following is a benefit of standardized care plans, as defined in your text? Standardized care plans:

a)	Apply to every patient on a particular unit.
b)	Include both medical and nursing orders.
c)	Specify patient outcomes for each day.
d)	Help ensure that important interventions are not overlooked.

10.

A client arrives in the emergency department, pale and breathing rapidly. He immediately becomes unconscious and collapses to the floor. The nurse rapidly assesses the patient and decides the first series of actions that are called for. This scenario demonstrates:

a)	Formal planning.
b)	Informal planning.
c)	Ongoing planning.
d)	Initial planning.

11.

Which nursing intervention is considered an independent intervention?

a)	Administering 1 liter of dextrose 5% in normal saline solution at 100 mL/hour
b)	Encouraging the postoperative client to perform coughing and deep breathing exercises
c)	Explaining his diet to the client; then communicating the teaching with the dietitian
d)	Administering morphine sulfate 2 mg IV to the client with postoperative pain

12.

The nurse is using electronic care planning. He enters the patient’s nursing diagnosis into the computer and chooses desired outcomes. He has validated his data, diagnosis, and goals. When he considers the list of interventions the program generates, he sees that none of them fit this patient’s individual needs. What should the nurse do?

a)	Reject them all and type in appropriate interventions.
b)	Select the interventions from the program that are most suitable.
c)	Ask another nurse to assess the patient and give her recommendation.
d)	Restart the computer; it is probably a program malfunction.

13.

A physician prescribes oral aripiprazole 10 mg daily for a client with schizophrenia. This medication is unfamiliar to the nurse, and she cannot find it in the hospital formulary or other references. How should she proceed?

a)	Administer the medication as ordered.
b)	Hold the medication and notify the physician.
c)	Consult with a pharmacist before administering it.
d)	Ask the patient’s RN for information about the medication.

14.

The nurse has just finished documenting that he removed a patient’s nasogastric tube. Which is the next logical step in the nursing process?

a)	Assessment
b)	Planning
c)	Evaluation
d)	Diagnosis

15.

Which of the following is a client outcome criterion?

a)	Central venous catheter site infection does not occur (90% of cases).
b)	Client will sit out of bed in the chair for 20 minutes three times per day.
c)	Postoperative phlebitis does not occur (95% of cases).
d)	Falls will reduce by 2% this quarter.

16.

According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which patient need should the nurse address first?

a)	Protecting the patient against falls
b)	Protecting the patient from an abusive spouse
c)	Promoting rest in the critically ill patient
d)	Promoting self-esteem after a body image change

17.

The client is a 76-year-old man who is experiencing chronic illness. He has a genetic-linked anemia. He says he does not eat a balanced diet, as he prefers sweets to meat and vegetables. Which of the following dimensions of health can the nurse most likely influence by teaching and counseling him?

a)	Age-related changes
b)	Genetic anemia
c)	Eating habits
d)	Gender-related issues

18.

A 73-year-old patient was admitted with a perforated bowel. Following surgical repair, he developed complications and required an extensive stay in the hospital. How can the medical-surgical nurse best promote self-esteem in this patient?

a)	Assist the patient to ambulate in the hallway once daily.
b)	Encourage the patient to participate in self-care.
c)	Introduce herself to the patient if he does not know her.
d)	Listen attentively when the patient speaks.

19.

An adult patient is diagnosed with lung cancer, and surgery to remove the right lung is recommended. The patient is uncertain about whether he should consent to the surgery because of the risks involved. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for this patient?

a)	Decisional Conflict
b)	Death Anxiety
c)	Powerlessness
d)	Ineffective Denial

20.

The nurse is assessing a patient for depression. Which of the following sets of behavioral symptoms may indicate depression?

a)	Preoccupation with loss, self-blame, and ambivalence
b)	Anger, helplessness, guilt, and sadness
c)	Anorexia, insomnia, headache, and constipation
d)	Tearfulness, withdrawal, and present substance abuse

21.

Which question helps the nurse to assess family structure?

a)	Where does your family live?
b)	How are family decisions made?
c)	With which religious affiliation is your family associated?
d)	What is your ethnic background?

22.

A 26-year-old man of Mexican heritage is admitted for observation after sustaining injuries in a motor vehicle accident. When assessing this patient, the nurse must consider that he may possess which view of pain? He may:

a)	Believe in taboos against narcotic use to relieve pain.
b)	Expect immediate treatment for relief of pain.
c)	Endure pain longer and report it less frequently than some patients do.
d)	Use herbal teas, heat application, and prayers to manage his pain.

23.

Because of religious beliefs, which of the following patients will most likely refuse a blood transfusion? One who is affiliated with:

a)	Islam.
b)	Baha’i.
c)	Hinduism.
d)	Jehovah’s Witness.

24.

A Muslim client has asked the nurse to pray with her. Which item should the nurse anticipate that the patient may request before praying?

a)	Bathing water
b)	Rosary beads
c)	Mala beads
d)	Prayer cloth

25.

When performing a spiritual assessment, who is the preferred source of information?

a)	Durable power of attorney
b)	Next of kin
c)	Patient
d)	Patient’s clergyman

26.

A 73-year-old patient who suffered a stroke is being transferred from the acute care hospital to a nursing home for ongoing care because she is unable to care for herself at home. Which type of loss is this patient most likely experiencing?

a)	Environmental loss
b)	Internal loss
c)	Perceived loss
d)	Psychological loss

27.

Which dysrhythmia confirms death?

a)	Asystole (absence of heart activity)
b)	Pulseless electrical activity
c)	Ventricular fibrillation
d)	Ventricular tachycardia

28.

A client who cannot manage a patient-controlled analgesia pump is prescribed morphine 4 mg intravenously q 1 hour PRN pain. When should the nurse administer the medication?

a)	Every hour around-the-clock
b)	Immediately after taking off the order
c)	As needed, but not more than once per hour
d)	1 hour after the last administered dose

29.

The nurse makes a mistake while documenting in the patient’s health record. Which action should the nurse take?

a)	Use an opaque white fluid to cover the documentation error.
b)	Completely cover the documentation error with black ink.
c)	Draw a line through the error and initial the change.
d)	Use correction tape to make the documentation correct.

30.

A resident in a long-term care facility receiving Medicare funds requires care for a stage 2 pressure ulcer. How often must the nurse document this patient’s care?

a)	Every 2 weeks
b)	Every shift
c)	Every week
d)	Every 3 months

31.

What is the deadline after admission for using the Minimum Data Set to evaluate a newly admitted resident is of a long-term care facility?

a)	14 days
b)	3 days
c)	2 days
d)	24 hours

32.

The nurse assesses the following changes in a client’s vital signs. Which client situation should be reported to the primary care provider?

a)	Decreased blood pressure (BP) after standing up
b)	Decreased temperature after a period of diaphoresis
c)	Increased heart rate after walking down the hall
d)	Increased respiratory rate when the heart rate increases

33.

At last measurement, the client’s vital signs were as follows: oral temperature 98°F (36.7°C), heart rate 76, respiratory rate 16, and blood pressure (BP) 118/60. Four hours later, the vital signs are as follows: oral temperature 103.2°F (38.5°C), heart rate 76 beats/minute, respiratory rate 14 breaths/minute, and blood pressure 120/66. Which should the nurse’s first intervention be at this time?

a)	Ask the client if he has had a warm drink in the last 30 minutes.
b)	Notify the primary care provider of the client’s temperature.
c)	Ask the client if he is feeling chilled.
d)	Take the temperature by a different route.

34.

A client’s average normal temperature is 98°F. Which of the following temperatures would be expected during the night in this healthy young adult client who does not have a fever, inflammatory process, or underlying health problems?

a)	97.2°F
b)	98.0°F
c)	98.6°F
d)	99.2°F

35.

During a clinic interview, a client states he has been experiencing dizziness upon standing. Which nursing action is appropriate for the nurse to implement?

a)	Ask the client when in the day dizziness occurs.
b)	Help the client to assume a recumbent position.
c)	Measure both heart rate and blood pressure with the client standing.
d)	Measure vital signs with the client supine, sitting, and standing.

36.

During admission to the unit, a patient states, “I’m not worried about the results of my tests. I’m sure I’ll be all right.” As he observes the patient, the nurse notes that the patient is shaky, tearful, and does not make eye contact. Unfortunately, the nurse is called away to an emergency before he has time to complete this discussion. Which of the following goals is most appropriate for the nurse to establish when returning to the patient? Patient will

a)	Explain the reason for his incongruent statements.
b)	Engage in diversional activities to cope with stress.
c)	Express his concerns to his primary care provider.
d)	Discuss his concerns and fears with the nurse.

37.

A physician tells a patient that she has cancer and that she should have surgery as soon as possible. The patient is not certain she wants to pursue this treatment approach, but responds by saying, “I’ll do whatever you think I should do.” Which communication style is this patient using?

a)	Assertive
b)	Aggressive
c)	Passive aggressive
d)	Passive

38.

Which statement by the nurse manager demonstrates an assertive approach?

a)	“You must assess and document pain status for every patient.”
b)	“Why haven’t you been assessing and documenting pain for every patient?”
c)	“Will you please assess and document pain status for every patient?”
d)	“Explain why you haven’t been assessing and documenting pain for every patient.”

39.

While the nurse assesses a newborn of African American descent, the mother points out a blue-black Mongolian spot on the newborn’s back and asks, “What’s that? Is something wrong with my baby?” Which response by the nurse is best?

a)	“I’ll ask the physician to look at the spot.”
b)	“Those spots are quite common and typically fade with time.”
c)	“You may want a plastic surgeon to look at that.”
d)	“That spot is benign so it’s nothing you need to worry about.”

40.

A female patient has excessive facial hair. The nurse should document this finding as:

a)	Alopecia.
b)	Albinism.
c)	Hirsutism.
d)	Lanugo.

41.

While palpating the anterior chest, the nurse notes crackling in the skin around the patient’s chest tube insertion site. The nurse recognizes this finding is:

a)	Tactile fremitus.
b)	Egophony.
c)	Bronchophony.
d)	Crepitus.

42.

The nurse notes an S₃heart sound while performing an assessment on a patient admitted with an acute myocardial infarction. The nurse notifies the physician of the finding, which most likely suggests:

a)	Heart failure.
b)	Coronary artery disease.
c)	Hypertension.
d)	Pulmonic stenosis.

43.

A father brings his 18-month-old child to the pediatrician’s office for a well-baby checkup. The father tells the nurse that he is concerned because his child’s legs are bowed. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

a)	“Your child will most likely require physical therapy.”
b)	“You should consider having your child seen by an orthopedic surgeon.”
c)	“This is a normal finding in children for 1 year after they begin walking.”
d)	“Your child is walking fine, so you don’t need to worry.”

44.

A patient asks the nurse why there is no vaccine available for the common cold. Which response by the nurse is correct?

a)	The virus mutates too rapidly to develop a vaccine.
b)	Vaccines are developed only for very serious illnesses.
c)	Researchers are focusing efforts on an HIV vaccine.
d)	The virus for the common cold has not been identified.

45.

A nurse is splashed in the face by body fluid during a procedure. Prioritize the nurse’s actions, listing the most important one first.
A. Contact employee health
B. Complete an incident report
C. Wash the exposed area
D. Report to another nurse that she is leaving the immediate area.

a)	1, 2, 3, 4
b)	2, 3, 4, 1
c)	3, 4, 1, 2
d)	4, 1, 2, 3

46.

Which is the most commonly reported “incident” in hospitals?

a)	Equipment malfunction
b)	Patient falls
c)	Laboratory specimen errors
d)	Treatment delays

47.

A patient with dementia becomes belligerent when the nurse attempts to give him a tub bath. How should the nurse proceed?

a)	Call for assistance to help the patient into the bathtub.
b)	Wait for the patient to calm down, and then give him a towel bath.
c)	Allow the patient to go without bathing for a day or two.
d)	Ask another staff member to attempt the tub bath.

48.

The time it takes for drug concentration to reach a therapeutic level in the blood is known as:

a)	Peak action
b)	Duration of action
c)	Onset of action
d)	Half-life

49.

A patient with end-stage cancer is prescribed morphine sulfate to reduce pain. For which effect is this medication prescribed?

a)	Supportive
b)	Restorative
c)	Substitutive
d)	Palliative

50.

After receiving diphenhydramine, a patient complains that his mouth is very dry. This is not uncommon for patients taking this medication. Which drug effect is this patient experiencing?

a)	Side effect
b)	Adverse reaction
c)	Toxic reaction
d)	Supportive effect

51.

Which action should the nurse take to relax the vastus lateralis muscle before administering an intramuscular injection into the site?

a)	Apply a warm compress.
b)	Massage the site in a circular motion.
c)	Apply a soothing lotion.
d)	Have the client assume a sitting position.

52.

Assume all of the following written instructions about digoxin provide correct information for patient care. Which one is best worded for patient understanding?

a)	Obtain your radial pulse every morning before taking your digoxin dose.
b)	Return to your healthcare provider for monthly laboratory studies of your digoxin levels.
c)	Call your doctor if you notice that objects look yellow or green.
d)	Always take the same brand of medication because certain brands may not be interchangeable.

53.

During advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) training, a nurse performs defibrillation using a mannequin. Which teaching strategy is being employed?

a)	One-to-one instruction
b)	Computer-assisted instruction
c)	Role modeling
d)	Simulation

54.

A patient sustains a laceration of the thigh in an industrial accident. Which step in the inflammatory process will the patient experience first?

a)	Cellular inflammation
b)	Exudate formation
c)	Tissue regeneration
d)	Vascular response

55.

A patient complains of a vague, uneasy feeling of dread, and his heart rate is elevated. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most appropriate for this patient?

a)	Anger
b)	Fear
c)	Anxiety
d)	Hopelessness

56.

Which nutrient deficiency increases the risk for pressure ulcers?

a)	Carbohydrate
b)	Protein
c)	Fat
d)	Vitamin K

57.

A patient who was prescribed furosemide (Lasix) is deficient in potassium. Which of the following is an appropriate goal for this patient? The patient will increase his consumption of:

a)	Bananas, peaches, molasses, and potatoes.
b)	Eggs, baking soda, and baking powder.
c)	Wheat bran, chocolate, eggs, and sardines.
d)	Egg yolks, nuts, and sardines.

58.

During the day shift, a patient’s temperature measures 97°F (36.1°C) orally. At 2000, the patient’s temperature measures 102°F (38.9°C). What effect does this rise in temperature have on the patient’s basal metabolic rate?

a)	Increases the rate by 7%
b)	Decreases the rate by 14%
c)	Increases the rate by 35%
d)	Decreases the rate by 28%

59.

A middle-aged patient with a history of alcohol abuse is admitted with acute pancreatitis. This patient will most likely be deficient in which nutrients?

a)	Iron
b)	B vitamins
c)	Calcium
d)	Phosphorus

60.

A patient with trigeminal neuralgia is prescribed a mechanical soft diet. This diet places the patient at risk for which complication?

a)	Dehydration
b)	Constipation
c)	Hyperglycemia
d)	Diarrhea

61.

The nurse measures the urine output of a patient who requires a bedpan to void. Which action should the nurse take first? Put on gloves and:

a)	Have the patient void directly into the bedpan.
b)	Pour the urine into a graduated container.
c)	Read the volume with the bedpan on a flat surface at eye level.
d)	Observe color and clarity of the urine in the bedpan.

62.

A patient complains that she passes urine whenever she sneezes or coughs. How should the nurse document this complaint in the patient’s healthcare record?

a)	Transient incontinence
b)	Overflow incontinence
c)	Urge incontinence
d)	Stress incontinence

63.

The surgeon orders hourly urine output measurement for a patient after abdominal surgery. The patient’s urine output has been greater than 60 ml/hour for the past 2 hours. Suddenly the patient’s urine output drops to almost nothing. What should the nurse do first?

a)	Irrigate the catheter with 30 ml of sterile solution.
b)	Replace the patient’s indwelling urinary catheter.
c)	Infuse 500 ml of normal saline solution IV over 1 hour.
d)	Notify the surgeon immediately.

64.

A patient is admitted with high BUN and creatinine levels, low blood pH, and elevated serum potassium level. Based on these laboratory findings the nurse suspects which diagnosis?

a)	Cystitis
b)	Renal calculi
c)	Enuresis
d)	Renal failure

65.

A mother tells the nurse at an annual well child checkup that her 6-year-old son occasionally “wets himself”. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

a)	Explain that occasional wetting is normal in children of this age
b)	Tell the mother to restrict her child’s activities to avoid wetting
c)	Suggest “time-out” to reinforce the importance of staying dry
d)	Inform the mother that medication is commonly used to control wetting

66.

Which action should the nurse take when beginning bladder training using scheduled voiding?

a)	Offer the patient a bedpan every 2 hours while she is awake.
b)	Increase the voiding interval by 30 to 60 minutes each week.
c)	Frequently ask the patient if she has the urge to void.
d)	Increase the frequency between voiding even if urine leakage occurs.

67.

When changing a diaper, the nurse observes that a 2-day-old infant has had a green black, tarry stool. What should the nurse do?

a)	Notify the physician.
b)	Do nothing; this is normal.
c)	Give the baby sterile water until the mother’s milk comes in.
d)	Apply a skin barrier cream to the buttocks to prevent irritation.

68.

The nurse in a long-term care facility is teaching a group of residents about increasing fiber in their diet. Which foods should she explain are high in fiber?

a)	White bread, pasta, and white rice
b)	Oranges, raisins, and strawberries
c)	Whole milk, eggs, and bacon
d)	Peaches, orange juice, and bananas

69.

A mother of a school-age child seeks healthcare because her child has had diarrhea after being ill with a viral infection. The patient states that after vomiting for 24 hours, his appetite has returned. Which recommendation should the nurse make to this mother?

a)	Consume a diet consisting of bananas, white rice, applesauce, and toast.
b)	Drink large quantities of water regularly to prevent dehydration.
c)	Take loperamide [an antidiarrheal] as needed to control diarrhea.
d)	Increase the consumption of raw fruits and vegetables.

70.

A patient with a colostomy complains to the nurse, “I am having really bad odors coming from my pouch.” To help control odor, which foods should the nurse advise him to consume?

a)	White rice and toast
b)	Tomatoes and dried fruit
c)	Asparagus and melons
d)	Yogurt and parsley

71.

A patient with Parkinson’s disease is at risk for which complication?

a)	Impaired kinesthesia
b)	Macular degeneration
c)	Seizures
d)	Xerostomia

72.

A client reports taking acetaminophen (Tylenol) to control osteoarthritis. Which instruction should the nurse give the patient requiring long-term acetaminophen use?

a)	Caution the patient against combining acetaminophen with alcohol.
b)	Explain that acetaminophen increases the risk for bleeding.
c)	Advise taking acetaminophen with meals to prevent gastric irritation.
d)	Explain that physical dependence may occur with long-term oral use.

73.

What is typically the most reliable indicator of pain?

a)	Patient’s self-report
b)	Past medical history
c)	Description by caregiver(s)
d)	Behavioral cues

74.

A patient is on strict bed rest for 5 days. During this time he has not had a bowel movement; normally, he passes stools daily. He describes feeling bloated and uncomfortable. What information should the nurse give the patient when explaining constipation?

a)	Immobility often causes constipation.
b)	A stool softener daily will relieve the problem.
c)	Use of a bedpan results in bloating and constipation.
d)	A low-fiber diet will resolve the problem.

75.

Which of the following is the most important information to collect at a women’s health examination for a 52-year-old woman?

a)	Age at first sexual encounter
b)	History of PMS
c)	Birth control method used
d)	Date of last menstrual period

76.

A 65-year-old widow is being given an annual physical exam. She states she has been dating a widowed man for 9 months and that the relationship is fulfilling in most areas. However, she is unable to have sexual relations because she feels she is “cheating” on her husband, who died 5 years ago. Her partner is very understanding, although her inability to have sexual relations is becoming a strain on their relationship. What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this woman?

a)	Sexual Dysfunction related to conflicted sexual orientation
b)	Ineffective Sexuality Patterns related to values conflicts
c)	Ineffective Sexuality Patterns related to impaired relationship with partner
d)	Sexual Dysfunction related to fear of the unknown

77.

You are caring for a 32-year-old woman who has been sexually assaulted. What is the priority nursing intervention for this client?

a)	Help her to communicate effectively with police about the attack.
b)	Obtain permission from your client to test for pregnancy and STIs.
c)	Refer your client to a sexual assault support group.
d)	Promote and model empathy and support for her family members.

78.

A person who is deprived of REM sleep for several nights in succession will usually experience:

a)	Extended NREM sleep.
b)	Paradoxical sleep.
c)	REM rebound.
d)	Insomnia.

79.

Which patient teaching would be most therapeutic for someone with sleep disturbance?

a)	Give yourself at least 60 minutes to fall asleep.
b)	Avoid eating carbohydrates before going to sleep.
c)	Catch up on sleep by napping or sleeping in when possible.
d)	Do not go to bed feeling upset about a conflict.

80.

During which of the following developmental stages does a person tend to need the most hours of sleep?

a)	Toddler
b)	Adolescence
c)	Middle adulthood
d)	Older adulthood

81.

What is the primary difference between acute and chronic wounds? Chronic wounds:

a)	Are full-thickness wounds, but acute wounds are superficial.
b)	Result from pressure, but acute wounds result from surgery.
c)	Are usually infected, whereas acute wounds are contaminated.
d)	Exceed the typical healing time, but acute wounds heal readily.

82.

A patient underwent abdominal surgery for a ruptured appendix. The surgeon did not surgically close the wound. The wound healing process described in this situation is:

a)	Primary intention healing.
b)	Secondary intention healing.
c)	Tertiary intention healing.
d)	Approximation healing.

83.

The nurse will know that the plan of care for the diabetic client with severe peripheral neuropathy is effective if the client

a)	begins an aggressive exercise program.
b)	follows a diet plan of 1,000 calories per day.
c)	is fitted for deep-depth diabetic footwear.
d)	remains free of foot wounds.

84.

Pressure ulcers are directly caused by which of the following conditions at the site?

a)	Compromised blood flow
b)	Edema
c)	Shearing forces
d)	Inadequate venous return

85.

A patient has underlying cardiac disease and requires careful monitoring of his fluid balance. He also has a draining wound. Which of the following methods for evaluating his wound drainage would be most appropriate for assessing fluid loss?

a)	Draw a circle around the area of drainage on a dressing.
b)	Classify drainage as less or more than the previous drainage.
c)	Weigh the patient at the same time each day on the same scale.
d)	Weigh dressings before they are applied and after they are removed.

86.

You are caring for an adult patient with a tracheostomy who is on a mechanical ventilator. His pulse oximetry reading of 85%, heart rate is 113, and respiratory rate is 30. The patient is very restless. His respirations are labored, and you hear gurgling sounds. You auscultate crackles and rhonchi in both lungs. What is the most appropriate action to take?

a)	Call the respiratory therapist to check the ventilator settings.
b)	Provide endotracheal suctioning.
c)	Provide tracheostomy care.
d)	Notify the physician of signs of fluid overload.

87.

A patient’s arterial blood gas results are as follows: pH = 7.30; PCO₂= 40; HCO₃ = 19 mEq/l; PO₂ = 80. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for the patient is which of the following?

a)	Impaired Gas Exchange
b)	Metabolic Acidosis
c)	Risk for Impaired Gas Exchange
d)	Risk for Acid–Base Imbalance

88.

The nurse examines the electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing of a client and notes tall T waves. What electrolyte imbalance should the nurse suspect?

a)	Hypokalemia
b)	Hypophosphotemia
c)	Hyperkalemia
d)	Hypercalcemia

89.

The preoperative phase encompasses which period of time?

a)	Entry to the operating suite until admission to postanesthesia care
b)	Entry into the operating suite until discharge from the hospital
c)	The decision to have surgery until admission to postanesthesia care
d)	The decision to have surgery until entry to the operating suite

90.

The focus of nursing activities in the preoperative phase is to:

a)	Admit the patient to the surgical suite.
b)	Prepare the patient mentally and physically for surgery.
c)	Set up the sterile field in the operating room.
d)	Perform the primary surgical scrub to the surgical site.

91.

A patient is scheduled for abdominal surgery tomorrow. While gathering preoperative data, the nurse learns that the patient takes the following medications daily: an anticoagulant, a multivitamin, and vitamin E 1,500 IU. The patient reports that he stopped taking the anticoagulant 4 days ago as instructed by the surgeon. He has continued to take the multivitamin and vitamin E. Based on the information given, the nurse telephones the surgeon because she:

a)	Needs an order to restart the anticoagulant.
b)	Iis concerned about continued use of the multivitamin.
c)	Is concerned about the vitamin E dosage.
d)	Thinks the surgery should be delayed until further notice.

92.

The surgical unit is experiencing difficulty recruiting new RNs, although the hospital has an excellent reputation in the community and has no difficulty recruiting nurses for other units. A task force has been formed, consisting of one nurse from each shift on the unit, the unit manager, and the hospital nurse recruiter. The group has gathered data and identified the problem. What is the next step in this process?

a)	Generate possible solutions.
b)	Evaluate whether the problem has been resolved.
c)	Implement the solution changes.
d)	Evaluate suggested solutions.

93.

Which informatics concept concerns the appropriate use of knowledge in managing or solving human problems?

a)	Wisdom
b)	Data
c)	Knowledge
d)	Information

94.

You are a preceptor for a new nursing employee at the local hospital. She needs to access a patient’s electronic health record (EHR) to retrieve laboratory results; however, the newly hired nurse has not yet received a computer password. What action should you take?

a)	Give her your password to use until she obtains her own password.
b)	Log on and remain with her while she views the record.
c)	Notify your supervisor that the new employee needs a password.
d)	Inform her that she will not receive a password until her orientation is complete.

95.

A client tells the nurse that he is having difficulty sleeping. He says, “I don’t want to use sleeping pills, but I’m thinking about getting some melatonin.” Which of the following is most important for the nurse to include in a response to the client?

a)	“Melatonin is an effective treatment for certain sleep disorders.”
b)	“Melatonin appears to be a relatively safe sleep aid for most people.”
c)	“You may experience some side effects, such as elevated blood pressure.”
d)	“Before taking melatonin, you should consult your primary care provider.”

96.

The school nurse at a local elementary school is performing physical fitness assessments on the third-grade children. When assessing students’ cardiorespiratory fitness, the most appropriate test is to have the students:

a)	Step up and down on a 12-inch bench.
b)	Perform the sit-and-reach test.
c)	Run a mile without stopping, if they can.
d)	Perform range-of-motion exercises.

97.

A mother of three young children is newly diagnosed with breast cancer. She is intensely committed to fighting the cancer. She believes she can control her cancer to some degree with a positive attitude and feelings of inner strength. Which of the following traits is she demonstrating that is linked to health and healing?

a)	Invincibility
b)	Hardiness
c)	Baseline strength
d)	Vulnerability

98.

At a home visit, the nurse asks the patient, “Have you taken your blood pressure medicine today?” The patient replies, “I don’t remember. Maybe.” On the table are several bottles of medication, some open, some not. They have all been prescribed for the patient. The patient cannot say how often to take each one, when asked. A compartmentalized medication organizer is on the table, with a few capsules in it, and some compartments left open. What should the nurse do?

a)	Show the patient how to put the medications in the organizer for the next 2 days, and observe while he fills the rest of the organizer.
b)	Arrange for a home health aide to come each day to show the patient which pills to take.
c)	Administer today’s medications and arrange for the pharmacy to put medications in easy-to-open containers in the future.
d)	Fill the organizer for each day of the week, explain how to use it, and return in a day or two to evaluate

99.

A 77-year-old woman with an inoperable brain tumor has been hospitalized for the past 5 days. Her daughter comes to visit her. The patient has asked that her daughter not be told her diagnosis. After visiting with her mother, the daughter asks to speak to the nurse. She says, “My mother claims she has pneumonia, but I know she is not telling me the truth.” The daughter asks the nurse to tell her what is truly wrong with her mother. The nurse should tell her that:

a)	Her mother has an inoperable brain tumor, but does not wish anyone to know.
b)	She needs to speak to the physician in charge of her mother’s care.
c)	Her mother has requested that her case not be discussed with anyone, not even family.
d)	Her mother is very sick with a serious case of pneumonia that could lead to death.

100.

Future directions for change in the Canadian healthcare system include which of the following?

a)	As primary care services are being increased, public health services require more integration with the other services.
b)	There will be a significant increase in the number of hospital beds while maintaining the level of primary care services.
c)	Home health services are on the decline, but long-term care services are expected to increase.
d)	There will be a general expansion of all services, with the ratio of money spent in each area remaining constant.

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Which of the following health information is protected in the electronic health record? Choose all that apply.

a)	Social Security number
b)	Insurance information
c)	Physician’s name
d)	Laboratory results

rk will end tips and i will refer more people to you.

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