Levels Tought:
Elementary,Middle School,High School,College,University,PHD
Teaching Since: | Jul 2017 |
Last Sign in: | 213 Weeks Ago, 4 Days Ago |
Questions Answered: | 15833 |
Tutorials Posted: | 15827 |
MBA,PHD, Juris Doctor
Strayer,Devery,Harvard University
Mar-1995 - Mar-2002
Manager Planning
WalMart
Mar-2001 - Feb-2009
Mannitol (Osmitrol) Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) Acetazolamide (Diamox) |
Bowman space Loop of Henle Afferent arteriole |
Syrup of ipecac Fomepizole Sodium bicarbonate |
Systemic lupus erythematosus glomerulonephritis Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis Immunoglobulin A nephropathy |
Fluid volume excess Hypocalcemia Hyperkalemia |
Increased nitrogenous waste levels, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Decreased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), decreased potassium and calcium levels Decreased urine output, hematuria, increased GFR |
Sodium Phosphate Calcium |
“What you eat can influence your risk of stone formation, but many other factors like hormones and your metabolism are involved.” “You likely don't need to change your diet, but now that you have stones in one kidney, you're at very high risk of growing them in the other kidney.” “Your diet might be normally healthy, but high intake of normally beneficial minerals like calcium and magnesium can lead to stones.” |
Ultrasound bladder scanning to determine the residual volume of urine after voiding Renal ultrasound aimed at identifying acute or chronic kidney disease Urinalysis focusing on the presence or absence of microorganisms, blood, or white cells in the man's urine |
The transcellular component of the intracellular fluid compartment contains far more fluid than normal. The normally small transcellular fluid compartment, or third space, is becoming enlarged. Gravity-dependent plasma is accumulating in the patient's peritoneal cavity. |
The kidneys may be misshapen and have cysts. The upper or lower poles of the two kidneys may be fused. Renal cell carcinoma may be present. |
She has inherited a tendency for epithelial cell in her tubules to proliferate inappropriately. Severe hypertension and portal hypertension are likely precursors. She has inherited undersized kidneys that are prone to calculi formation. |
High ammonia levels, decreased anion gap, high potassium Increased CO2, increased anion gap, base deficit Decreased CO2, decreased anion gap |
Overactive bladder that may result from both neurogenic and myogenic sources Overactive bladder due to intravesical pressure exceeding urethral pressure Overflow incontinence that can result from displacement of the angle between the bladder and the posterior proximal urethra |
A 77-year-old patient with urinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) A 55-year-old woman with a recent stroke secondary to long-standing hypertension A 60-year-old man with a systemic fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics |
Selective renal secretion and reabsorption of CO2 Phosphate and ammonia buffer systems in the renal tubules Excretion of HCO3– by the kidneys |
A 41-year-old female who is admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment of pyelonephritis A 79-year-old male with diagnoses of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure A 20-year-old male who is admitted for treatment of an overdose of a nephrotoxic drug A 68-year-old male with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) An 80-year-old female who has been admitted for treatment of dehydration, hyponatremia, and malnutrition |
His membranous glomerulonephritis should be treated with corticosteroids. His immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy has no known effective treatments. His Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome should be treated with control of high blood pressure and smoking cessation. |
Muscular spasms and complaints of cramps High fluid intake and urine output Lethargy and stupor |
“Glomerular filtrate is very similar in composition to blood plasma found elsewhere in circulation.” “Dilation of the afferent arteriole allows more blood into the nephron and increases the glomerular filtration rate.” “The glomerulus is located between an arteriole and a venule that work together to regulate blood flow.” |
A 66-year-old man undergoing dialysis for the treatment of chronic renal failure secondary to hypertension A 38-year-old man with high urine output due to antidiuretic hormone insufficiency A 30-year-old obese woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus |
Antihistamine effects inhibit communication between the pons and the thoracolumbar cord. The anticholinergic effects of the medication are impairing normal bladder function. Over-the-counter medications such as cold medicine stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system and inhibit bladder emptying. |
A 68-year-old man who has been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) A 55-year-old man with diabetes who is receiving diuretic medications for the treatment of hypertension A 30-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with gonorrhea A 74-year-old woman who has developed a lower bowel obstruction following several weeks of chronic constipation A 20-year-old man who has spina bifida and consequent impaired mobility |
She may be unable to sense her bladder filling as a result of her MS. Lesions of the basal ganglia or extrapyramidal tract associated with MS inhibit detrusor contraction. Pathologic reductions in bladder volume brought on by MS necessitate frequent micturition. |
A 60-year-old obese female with a diagnosis of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus A 34-year-old industrial worker who has suffered extensive burns in a job-related accident A 77-year-old woman who has an active gastrointestinal bleed and consequent anemia A 22-year-old female with hypoalbuminemia secondary to malnutrition and anorexia nervosa |
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