2. (5 points) When sorting an array of words, which comes first: "Apple" or "alligator"? How can you fix it for natural sort?

 

3.(5 points) If we record a song that is one minute long using 16-bit sound samples, sampled at 44.1KHz in mono channel, without any metadata or compression, how large would the file be? (Express your answer in Megabytes)

 

4. (5 points) If true color requires 3 bytes per pixel, how much storage space is required for a minute's worth of output for a video camera producing full screen 1024 × 768 pixel true-color images at a frame rate of thirty frames per second? Explain any assumptions you make about your calculations.

 

5. (5 points) The 9’s complementary representation.

 

a) What is the sign-and-magnitude value of the three-digit number represented in 9’s complement by 461?

 

b) What is the sign-and-magnitude value of the three-digit number represented in 9’s complement by 747?

 

6. (5 points) Two's complement.

 

a) What is the decimal sign-and-magnitude value of the 8-bit number represented in 2's complement by 11010011?

 

b) What is the decimal sign-and-magnitude value of the 8-bit number represented in 2's complement by 01000011?

 

7. (5 points)

a) Describe what the following LMC program does.

 

Mailbox Contents

00 901

01 309

02 207

03 902

04 708

05 602

06 000

07 1

08 000

09 DAT

 

 

b) The contents in memory occasionally have to be moved to another area of memory. When that happens, the mailbox references must be adjusted so that the program continues to function properly. Rewrite the LMC code in a) so that it occupies mailboxes 05 through 14 only; mailboxes 01 through 04 will be used by another program, so they can't be used. Assume that instruction 605 remains in mailbox 00.

 

 

Mailbox Contents

00 605

01 used by other program

02 used by other program

03 used by other program

04 used by other program

05 ???

06 ???

07 ???

08 ???

09 ???

10 ???

11 ???

12 ???

13 ???

14 ???

 

 

8. (5 points) Classify the registers as either a) holding addresses only, b) holding instructions only, or c) anything.

 

IR ____

PC ____

MAR ____

MDR ____

Accumulator ____

General Purpose ____

 

9. (5 points) If a cache block is altered, what methods are used to update main memory? Of the various methods, which is faster?

 

 

 

10. Explain the basic differences between the shared-nothing model and shared-disk model in clustering computers.