Question 1 Research shows that the "Big 5" (five-factor model) may be a biological
universal because _____.
Answer
s: the five traits correlate with characteristics that are preferred
by the opposite sex
all of these options
chimpanzee personalities closely resemble the "Big 5" traits
cross-cultural studies support the "Big 5"
Question 2 Which of the following is FALSE about "pseudo" personality tests like
astrological and tarot readings?
Answer
s: They usually include traits that are positive and flattering.
They usually include generalized traits that are shared by
nearly everyone.
They may include traits that are neutral.
They usually reveal traits that are negative and socially
undesirable.
Question 3 The manager at Sea World prefers to conduct _____ interviews of potential
employees and asks specific, formal questions following a set procedure;
the manager at the San Diego Zoo prefers _____ interviews, and talks with
them informally while walking through the park.
Answer
s: objective; projective
standardized;
biographical
structured;
unstructured
informal; formal Question 4
Gardner is imaginative, curious, and interested in new ideas; Brandon is conventional,
down-to-earth, and has limited interests. It is likely that Gardner scores high, and
Brandon scores low on the personality dimension of _____ in the Five-Factor model.
Answer A.
s:
conscientious ness B. agreeablenes
s
C. openness
D. neuroticism Question 5 According to Freud, if an individual's needs were _____ during a particular
stage of development, that person would remain stuck at that stage.
Answer
s: not met
none of these
options
overindulged or
not met
overindulged
Question 6 The major objective of the MMPI-2 is to _____.
Answer
s: determine whether a patient's
personality is normal
assess a person's propensity to lie or
distort the truth
assist in the diagnosis of psychological
disorders
all of these options
Question 7 When someone violates parental and societal rules, they experience guilt.
This is the role of the _____, which operates on the _____ principle.
Answer A.
s:
id; pleasure B. superego; morality
C. unconscious;
punishment
D. ego; reality Question 8 Which of the following is FALSE regarding objective personality tests?
Answer
s: People may attempt to fake their answers or answer in socially
desirable ways.
They take relatively little time to administer and score, compared
to projective tests.
They provide specific information about a limited number of
personality traits.
They may be culturally biased.
Question 9 One reason people tend to believe in pseudo personality tests is because
they have "something for everyone." This is called the _____.
Answer
s: Sucker Effect
Bailey Effect
Barnum Effect
Rule of
Universals
Question 10 If you took the _____ approach to personality, you would emphasize
internal experiences, like feelings and thoughts, and the basic worth of the
individual.
Answer
s: personalisti
c
humanistic
motivational
psychodyna
mic
Question 11 Norm is sexually attracted to Lilith, a married woman. Instead of acknowledging this
attraction, Norm develops an intense dislike for Lilith. This is an example of the defense
mechanism called _____.
Answer A.
s:
regression
B. projection
C. sublimation D. reaction
formation Question 12 A major premise underlying psychoanalytic or psychodynamic theories of
personality is that _____.
Answer A.
s:
unconscious forces have an enormous impact on our behavior,
such as feelings, thoughts & actions
B. unconscious forces are responsible for negative behaviors,
whereas conscious forces are responsible for positive ones
C. unconscious motives direct all behavior, positive or negative
D. conscious thoughts and feelings overcome unconscious motives
Question 13 This is NOT one of the "Big 5" personality traits.
Answer
s: openness
conscientious
ness
thruthfulness
agreeablenes
s
Question 14 Based on heritability studies, 40% to 50% of personality appears to be
related to _____.
Answer
s: the physical
environment
genetic factors
the mental
environment
the social
environment
Question 15 Most psychologists agree that defense mechanisms _____.
Answer
s: are a sign of emotional damage that cannot be corrected in therapy
can be healthy when not used excessively
are used excessively by most people in modern
society
are unhealthy and should be eliminated through
therapy
Question 16 Trait theories have been criticized for all but one of the following reasons.
Answer
s: They did not include a large number of central
traits.
They failed to consider situational determinants of
personality.
They failed to explain why people develop their
traits.
They failed to identify which traits last and which
are transient.
Question 17 The Rorschach inkblot test is one of the most popular methods of
personality assessment, which _____.
Answer A.
s:
is more difficult to interpret than objective
personality tests
B. is quicker and easier to administer than the
MMPI-2
C. has high reliability but poor validity
D. has high validity but poor reliability
Question 18 The inborn drive to develop all one's talents and capacities is known as
_____.
Answer
s: the collective
unconscious
the need for achievement
(nAch)
phrenology self-actualization
Question 19 A relatively stable and consistent characteristic that can be used to
describe someone is known as a(n) _____.
Answer A.
s:
personalit y
B. trait
C. character
D. tempera
ment
Question 20 Freud's contribution to psychology was _____.
Answer the concept of the unconscious and its influence on behavior
s: the source and consequences of the defense mechanisms
the notion that people experience conflict between three
personality structures
all of these options Question 21 Karen believes she earned an "A" in psychology because she used the teacher's study
suggestions and worked hard all semester. It is likely that Karen has a(n) _____ locus of
control.
Answer A.
s:
intrins ic B. intern
al
C. extern
al
D. positi
ve Question 22 According to Mischel and the person-situation debate on personality development:
Answer
s: it is best if you do NOT adapt your behavior to fit the
situation.
there is very little cross-temporal consistency in personality.
there is very little cross-situational consistency in
personality.
if you are a cheater in one situation, you will be a cheater in
other situations.
Question 23 Compared to low sensation-seekers and introverts, high sensation-seekers
and extroverts tend to have ______.
Answer
s: all of these options
lower levels of psychological
arousal
higher levels of serotonin
lower levels of physiological
arousal
Question 24 The thoughts and motives that lie beyond a person's normal awareness
are found in what Freud calls the _____.
Answer
s: ego
superego
unconsci
ous
conscious
Question 25 Unconditional positive regard is a Rogerian term for _____.
Answer
s: accepting any and all behavior
positive behavior toward a person without attaching
any contingencies
public displays of affection
achieving your fullest potential Question 1 Research on the mere exposure effects suggests that we will like a
photograph of ourselves better if it is _____, and our friends will prefer our
photograph if it is _____.
Answer
s: reversed; reversed
not reversed;
reversed
reversed; not
reversed
not reversed; not
reversed
Question 2 Which of the following is (are) antecedents to group think?
Answer A.
s:
A cohesive group.
B. Isolation of the group from outside
influences.
C. Directive leadership.
D. All of the above. Question 3 Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in Latane and Darley's model of helping
behavior?
Answer A.
s:
Interpreting the event or problem as an emergency.
B. Noticing the event or problem.
C. Accepting personal responsibility.
D. Waiting for 911 responders to get to the
scene. Question 4 When you attempt to maintain a positive self-image by taking credit for
your
successes and emphasizing external causes for your failures, you are engaged in _____.
Answer
s: using the self-serving
bias
cognitive dissonance
deindividuation
a fundamental
attribution error
Question 5 You think you smell smoke for a second. You look at others in the classroom and at the
teacher. No one seems concerned, so you continue taking the test along with your other
classmates. This is MOST likely an example of _____.
Answer A.
s:
ingroup favortism
B. informational social
influence
C. normative social
influence
D. a stereotype Question 6 You and a friend are watching a ballgame. The batter misses. You believe
this is because the batter lacks talent. Your friend believes this is because
the sun is setting and probably cast a glare in his eyes. You made a(n)
_____ attribution and your friend made a(n) _____ attribution.
Answer
s: dispositional;
situational
situational;
dispositional
realistic; selfserving
correct; incorrect Question 7 People will attack an alternate target group rather than the real source of
their frustration when the source is either bigger and retaliatory, or when
the source is ambiguous or unknown. This is the _____ explanation for
prejudice. Answer
s: displaced aggression
billy goat
outgroup
economic and political
frustration
Question 8 A social influence technique in which a first, small request is used as a setup for later requests is known as _____.
Answer
s: the door-in-the-face
technique
the foot-in-the-door
technique
the norm of reciprocity
the low-ball technique
Question 9 Social psychology...
Answer
s: is an enormous and varied subject, since almost everything we do is
social.
considers the situation a powerful determinant of human behavior.
is the study of how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and
actions.
all of these options
Question 10 Pointing to someone in a crowd to call the police increases helping by
_____.
Answer A.
s:
initiating the egoistic model B. decreasing social loafing
C. decreasing the diffusion of
responsibility
D. decreasing the size of the crowd Question 11 In the Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) study about cognitive dissonance in which
students were asked to lie about a boring task, why did those students who were
paid $1 come to like the task more?
Answer
s: $1 was insufficient justification for lying.
$20 was overcompensation for lying.
A student will say anything to get out of class.
Simply arguing against an attitude would not cause a change in that attitude.
Question 12 We misjudge the causes of another person's behavior because we
overestimate internal, personal factors and underestimate external,
situational influences. This is called_____.
Answer
s: cognitive dissonance
the self-serving bias
the fundamental
attribution error
prejudice
Question 13 When a natural disaster strikes, members of a community who previously
distrusted or fought with each other often work together to deal with the
aftermath. Once the emergency is over, there is usually a decrease in
prejudice as a result of _____.
Answer A.
s:
sharing the near-death experience B. the friendly competition fostered by the emergency
team leaders
C. the scarcity of resources and abundance of problems
D. increased contact and cooperation brought on by
the common goal Question 14
According to cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following critics of the Affordable
Care Act is MOST likely to change his or her attitude?
Answer A.
s:
A person who is paid $1 for arguing for the Affordable Care Act. B. A person who is paid $100 for arguing for the Affordable Care Act.
C. A person who would have been fired if (s)he did not argue for the
Affordable Care Act.
D. None of these advocates are likely to change their attitudes about the
Affordable Care Act. Question 15 Which of the following is an example of the outgroup homogeneity effect?
Answer
s: You don't belong
here.
We are all alike.
They all look alike
to me.
all of these options
Question 16 The results of Milgram's research suggest that _____ will follow orders to
hurt someone.
Answer
s: a majority of "normal"
people
everyone
only "monsters"
people with mental
disorders
Question 17 Which of the following is most often TRUE?
Answer A.
s:
Prejudice is the same as discrimination.
B. Opposites attract.
C. Hitting a pillow is a good way to release tension and
reduce aggression.
D. Most people judge others more harshly than they judge
themselves. Question 18
According to Latane and Darley, in which of the following situations are you MOST likely to get help from bystanders?
Answer A.
s:
In a busy campus restroom.
B. On a bus with several
strangers.
C. In a room with one other
person.
D. On a freeway during rush
hour. Question 19 Whether a group's final decision is risky or conservative depends on _____.
Answer
s: the intellectual capacity of
the group
the original inclination of the
group
the number of group
members
the gender of group
members
Question 20 Zimbardo's simulation of prison life provided a dramatic demonstration of
the power of _____ on behavior.
Answer A.
s:
conformit y
B. individuati
on
C. norms
D. roles Question 21 In the classic Asch study of conformity, _____ of the subjects conformed
and agreed with obviously incorrect choices made by other group
members. Answer
s: more than onethird
more than 50%
about onequarter
less than 10%
Question 22 Cognitive dissonance provokes a change in attitude due to _____.
Answer
s: emotional thinking and reasoning
psychological tension produced by discrepant attitudes
rational discourse between people with opposing views
cognitive dissonance does not provoke a change in attitude; it
provokes a change in behavior
Question 23 Proximity is a key factor in attraction, which means that two people need to be _____.
Answer A.
s:
close to each other in size, shape, and other physical features
B. matched in personality traits
C. close to each other in geographical location
D. all of these options Question 24 Mr. Bundy believes that women make poor shoe salespersons and
therefore does not hire any women to work in his store. Based on this
information, which of the following is TRUE regarding Mr. Bundy?
Answer
s: He is prejudiced, but does not discriminate
against women.
He discriminates, but is not prejudiced against
women.
He is prejudiced and discriminates against
women.
He hired his daughter because his wife made him. Question 25 Compared to Milgram's original study, when did obedience INCREASE?
Answer A.
s:
When the teacher read a list of words while another delivers the shock.
B. When the teacher chose the shock level.
C. When the teacher watched two others disobey.
D. When orders were given by an ordinary person. Question 1 If you feel our culture's routine circumcision of infant boys is normal, but
find the sexual rituals of other cultures unnatural and strange, this is a
demonstration of _____.
Answer
s: how bizarre other cultures can
be
how immoral other cultures can
be
your own sexual ethnocentrism
the sexual ethnocentrism of
other cultures
Question 2 Social learning theory suggests that children learn gender roles _____.
Answer
s: by watching and imitating others
through rewards for gender-appropriate
behaviors
through punishment for genderinappropriate behavior
all of these options Question 3
The period following orgasm during which it is considered impossible for most men to be
further excited to orgasm is called the _____ period.
Answer post-orgasmic
s: refractory
plateau
roll over and go to
sleep Question 4 _____ refers to one's biological maleness or femaleness.
Answer
s: Gender
identity
Gender
Gender role
Sex
Question 5 Historically, masturbation _____.
Answer was more common than it is today
s: was said to lead to blindness, impotence,
acne, and insanity
was considered natural and important
was not practiced at all Question 6 Recent survey results suggest that _____ is related to increased
depression, social isolation, loss of career, decreased job performance,
and increased financial and legal problems.
Answer A.
s:
sexual spectatoring
B. sadomasochis
m
C. cybersex
D. all of these
options Question 7 The current position of the American Psychiatric Association and the
American Psychological Association is that homosexuality _____. Answer
s: can be reversed with
psychoanalytic therapy
can be reversed with aversion
therapy
all of these options
is not a mental illness
Question 8 Which of the following is considered helpful in improving your sexual functioning?
Answer A.
s:
Early sex education.
B. Setting high expectations for sexual encounters.
C. Keeping your desires to yourself, rather than sharing what you
want with your partner.
D. All of these options are helpful. Question 9 Your _____ is related to societal expectations for normal and appropriate
male or female behavior.
Answer
s: sexual
identity
sexual
orientation
gender
identity
gender role
Question 10 2
Answer
s: a 50 year old
man
a 25 year old
man
a 50 year old
woman
a 25 year old
woman Question 11 Which of the following groups of people generally have higher self-esteem,
are more socially competent and motivated to achieve, and exhibit better
overall mental health? Those who score _____.
Answer
s: high on either masculinity or
androgyny
high on either femininity or
androgyny
high on both masculinity and
femininity
low on both masculinity and
femininity
Question 12 Research on the causes of homosexuality _____.
Answer
s: has helped overcome many
misconceptions and myths
all of these options
is inconclusive
provides evidence of a biological
foundation
Question 13 The parasympathetic branch of the nervous system must be in control during sex. Both
men and women who experience _____ during sex have this difficulty due to sympathetic
nervous system domination.
Answer A.
s:
vaginismus
B. premature
ejaculation
C. anorgasmia
D. performance
anxiety Question 14 Your primary erotic attraction toward others is referred to as your _____.
Answer
s: gender role gender identity
sexual
orientation
any of these
options
Question 15 Individuals who have the genitals and secondary sex characteristics of one sex, but feel
as if they belong to the other sex are known as _____.
Answer transsexuals
s: gays or
lesbians
bisexuals
transvestite
s Question 16 Which of the following women is most likely to have an orgasm with her partner?
Answer a woman who is dating her partner
s: a woman who is living together with her partner
a woman who is married to her partner relationship status has no effect on
frequency of orgasm
Question 17 HIV is spread by direct contact with _____.
Answer
s: needles
an AIDS
patient
bodily fluids
infected
genitals Question 18 Recent research on sex differences in cognitive abilities suggests that men
score higher than women on _____.
Answer A.
s:
emotional intelligence B. verbal and math abilities, but only at the highest
intellectual level
C. verbal abilities at all intellectual levels
D. math and visuospatial tasks
Question 19 Besides the obvious external physical differences between men and
women, researchers have determined all of the following EXCEPT
Answer
s: in females the hypothalamus directs a cyclical release of
hormones.
brain differences in men and women are often the result of
prenatal sex differentiation.
the corpus callosum is larger in men.
verbal and spatial cognitive skills may be due to differences in the
cerebral hemispheres of men and women.
Question 20 Regarding sexuality, the double standard _____.
Answer
s: encourages male sexuality
discourages female sexuality
makes women responsible for stopping
male advances
all of these options
Question 21 Research on aggression has found that _____.
Answer
s: girls and women are more physically aggressive
than boys and men
females display aggression in indirect, relational
forms
genetic factors account for 95% of aggressive
behavior
all of these options Question 22 Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of events in Masters and
Johnson's sexual response cycle? Answer
s: excitement –– plateau – orgasm ––
resolution
arousal –– excitement –– plateau ––
orgasm
excitement –– orgasm –– plateau ––
resolution
plateau –– excitement –– orgasm ––
climax
Question 23 The case of "Bruce" and "Brenda" best demonstrated that _____.
Answer A.
s:
biology plays a role in gender identity formation
B. sex-reassignment should never be done
C. gender identity has more to do with environment than with
biological anatomy
D. circumcision is a dangerous operation Question 24 Kinsey and his associates used the _____ method to study human
sexuality.
Answer
s: case
study
survey
experime
ntal
correlatio
nal
Question 25 Pat was a carpenter, a teacher, and a healer. This blend of “masculine” and “feminine”
traits makes him a prototype for the concept of _____.
Answer A.
s:
metrosexua lity
B. androgyny
C. transgende
rism
D. heterosexu
ality Question 26 HIV is spread by direct contact with _____. an AIDS patient
infected genitals
needles
bodily fluids Question 1 Evolutionary theories of emotion propose that ______.
Answer A.
s:
emotions play a role in survival and
natural selection
B. basic emotions originate in the limbic
system
C. basic emotions evolved before thought
D. all of these options
Question 2 When the lateral hypothalamus is destroyed, animals will _____.
Answer A.
s:
any of these options B. overeat to obesity
C. become picky eaters
D. stop eating, and must be
force-fed Question 3 A behavior pattern that is unlearned, always expressed in the same way,
and universal within a species is called _____. Answer
s: routine
a reflex
impossi
ble
an
instinct
Question 4 If we are walking in the woods and jump because we think we see a snake (that ends up
being a stick), that fear reaction without conscious fear originates in the _____.
Answer A.
s:
amygdala
B. hypothala
mus
C. cortex
D. limbic
system
E. both a and
d Question 5 Which of the following statements about the polygraph test is TRUE?
Answer
s: The polygraph can detect subtle physiological differences between
arousal due to anxiety versus excitement.
An innocent person has nothing to fear from a polygraph test.
A person can be taught how to "beat" a polygraph test.
The polygraph is accurate in detecting truth or lies in about 95% of
cases.
Question 6 Besides fear, anger, surprise, happiness, and sadness, which emotion is identifiable
across cultures?
Answer A.
s:
guilt
B. anticipati
on C. jealousy
D. disgust Question 7 Complex emotions like jealousy, embarrassment, or love are BEST
explained by _____.
Answer A.
s:
the facial feedback
hypothesis
B. the James-Lange theory
C. Schachter's two-factor
theory
D. the Cannon-Bard theory
Question 8 Extrinsic rewards tend to decrease enjoyment of an activity because they
_____.
Answer A.
s:
are secondary rather than primary
reinforcers
B. provide inadequate justification for most
activities
C. change our explanation for engaging in an
activity
D. are negative rather than positive reinforcers
Question 9 According to the facial feedback hypothesis, expressing an emotion should
______.
Answer
s: intensify it
change it
diminish it
have no impact
on it Question 10 You just stuffed yourself with a hot dog, a large tub of popcorn, and a box
of Milk Duds while watching a movie. When you come out of the theater,
you smell the cinnamon buns across the mall and decide to get one even
though you are full. This can BEST be explained by _____.
Answer A.
s:
the push-pull
theory
B. incentive theory
C. your lack of will
power
D. drive-reduction
theory
Question 11 _____ refers to the desire to perform an act for its own sake whereas _____ refers to the
desire to perform an act because of external rewards or the avoidance of punishment.
Answer A.
s:
Instinct; drive
B. Extrinsic motivation; intrinsic
motivation
C. Intrinsic motivation; extrinsic
motivation
D. Individual drive; social drive Question 12 Which of the following is FALSE regarding obesity?
Answer
s: Lifestyle changes can have an impact on weight gain
or loss.
Obesity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality.
Obese children tend to resemble their adoptive
parents in body size.
Heritability for obesity averages between 30% and
70%. Question 13 The makers of a health-food cereal increased sales by offering a $2.00 rebate to purchasers. Sales rose during the rebate period, then fell below
pre-rebate sales numbers when the rebate ended. The author of your
textbook would explain this by suggesting that _____.
Answer
s: extrinsic rewards decreased the intrinsic value purchasers
placed on the cereal
the rebate decreased the status value of health food cereal
there was no longer any incentive for shoppers to purchase
this cereal
the rebate convinced shoppers that the cereal was overpriced
Question 14 Which of the following is TRUE regarding the arousal motive?
Answer
s: It is rarely observed in non human species.
Performance is best when an organism is in a low
state of arousal.
It is the desire for alertness and mental or physical
activation.
Performance is best when an organism is in a high
state of arousal.
Question 15...

Attachments:

• 1506694213-Quiz.docx