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I have attached study questions for my final exam, can someone help me?
Week 4 : Alterations in Renal Function - Quiz 4Time Remaining:Page 2Question 1.1.What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells? (Points : 2)1:1 (one capillary per one muscle cell)1:2 (one capillary per two muscle cells)1:4 (one capillary per four muscle cells)1:10 (one capillary per ten muscle cells)Question 2.2.Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?(Points : 2)IL–1 and IL-6IL-2 and TNF-IFN and IL-12TNF-ß and IL-4Question 3.3.Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engul±ng, and destroying whichmicroorganisms? (Points : 2)BacteriaFungiViruses
YeastsQuestion 4.4.What is the life span of platelets(in days)? (Points : 2)103090120Question 5.5.Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome(GAS)? (Points : 2)Adrenal cortexHypothalamusAnterior pituitaryLimbic systemQuestion 6.6.Which hepatitis virus is known to be sexually transmitted? (Points : 2)ABCDQuestion 7.7.The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes? (Points : 2)Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III (AT-III)Preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombinShortening the Fbrin strands to retract the blood clotDegrading the Fbrin within blood clots
Question 8.8.During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?(Points : 2)NeutrophilsMonocytesEosinophilsT lymphocytesQuestion 9.9.The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? (Points : 2)Right-to-left blood shuntingLeft-to-right blood shuntingBlood Fow from the umbilical cordBlood Fow to the lungsQuestion 10.10.Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ine±ective bone marrow response toerythropoietin, and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of whichtype of anemia? (Points : 2)AplasticSideroblasticAnemia of chronic diseaseIron de²ciencyQuestion 11.11.Infants are most susceptible to signi²cant losses in total body water because of aninfant’s: (Points : 2)High body surface–to–body size ratioSlow metabolic rateKidneys are not mature enough to counter Fuid lossesInability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirstyQuestion 12.12.Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the: (Points : 2)
Vagus nerveSympathetic nervous systemSomatic nervous systemParasympathetic nervous systemQuestion 13.13.Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by whichnerves? (Points : 2)Peripheral nervesParasympathetic FbersSympathetic nervous systemTenth thoracic nerve rootsQuestion 14.14.Where are antibodies produced? (Points : 2)Helper T lymphocytesThymus glandPlasma cellsBone marrowQuestion 15.15.An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can bedetected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical Fndings areconsistent with which congenital heart defect? (Points : 2)Atrial septal defect (ASD)Ventricular septal defect (VSD)Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defectQuestion 16.16.The coronary ostia are located in the: (Points : 2)Left ventricle
Aortic valveCoronary sinusAortaQuestion 17.17.The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is used to screen for which cancer? (Points : 2)OvarianUterineCervicalVaginalQuestion 18.18.What is the purpose of the spirometry measurement? (Points : 2)To evaluate the cause of hypoxiaTo measure the volume and Fow rate during forced expirationTo measures the gas di±usion rate at the alveolocapillary membraneTo determine pH and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrationsQuestion 19.19.An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he orshe has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody? (Points : 2)IgGIgMIgAIgEQuestion 20.20.Which statement istrueconcerning the IgM? (Points : 2)IgM is the ²rst antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen.IgM mediates many common allergic responses.IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins.
IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta.Question 21.21.Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes? (Points : 2)Cells have broken through the local basement membrane.Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue.Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells.Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia.Question 22.22.Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acuteepiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication? (Points : 2)Retropharyngeal abscessLaryngospasmsRupturing of the tonsilsGagging induced aspirationQuestion 23.23.What is the Frst stage in the infectious process? (Points : 2)InvasionColonizationSpreadMultiplicationQuestion 24.24.Which statement best describes a Schilling test? (Points : 2)Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine totest for vitamin B12deFciencyMeasurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes in the blood to test for hemolyticanemiaMeasurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity in the blood to test for irondeFciency anemiaAdministration of folate and measurement in 2 hours of its level in a blood sample to test for
folic acid deFciency anemia.Question 25.25.What substance stimulates renal hydroxylation in the process of producing vitaminD? (Points : 2)ErythropoietinThyroid hormoneCalcitoninParathyroid hormoneQuestion 26.26.What e±ects do exercise and body position have on renal blood ²ow? (Points : 2)Exercise and body position activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mildvasoconstriction.They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction.Both activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation.They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation.Question 27.27.The glomerular Fltration rate is directly related to which factor? (Points : 2)Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillariesDi±usion rate in the renal cortexDi±usion rate in the renal medullaGlomerular active transportQuestion 28.28.What are the abnormalities in cytokines found in children with cystic Fbrosis (C³)?(Points : 2)DeFcit of interleukin (IL)–1 and an excess of IL-4, IL-12, and interferon-alpha (I³N-DeFcit of IL-6 and an excess of IL-2, IL-8, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CS³)DeFcit of IL-10 and an excess of IL-1, IL-8, and TN³-DeFcit of IL-3 and an excess of IL-14, IL-24, and colony-stimulating factor (CS³)
Question 29.29.Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? (Points : 2)The immune response is similar each time it is activated.The immune response is speciFc to the antigen that initiates it.The response to a speciFc pathogen is short term.The response is innate, rather than acquired.Question 30.30.Which disorder results in decreased erythrocytes and platelets with changes inleukocytes and has clinical manifestations of pallor, fatigue, petechiae, purpura, bleeding, and fever?(Points : 2)Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)Iron deFciency anemia (IDA)Question 31.31.Which criterion is used to conFrm a diagnosis of asthma in an 8-year-old child?(Points : 2)Parental history of asthmaSerum testing that conFrms increased immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil levelsReduced expiratory ±ow rates conFrmed by spirometry testingImprovement on a trial of asthma medicationQuestion 32.32.²etal hematopoiesis occurs in which structure? (Points : 2)GutSpleenBone marrowThymusQuestion 33.33.Which substance has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used incombination with tobacco smoking? (Points : 2)
AlcoholSteroidsAntihistaminesAntidepressantsQuestion 34.34.Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure tothe antigen or after immunization against the antigen? (Points : 2)Passive-acquired immunityActive-acquired immunityPassive-innate immunityActive-innate immunityQuestion 35.35.What is the Fnal stage of the infectious process? (Points : 2)ColonizationInvasionMultiplicationSpreadQuestion 36.36.What is the life span of an erythrocyte(in days)? (Points : 2)20 to 3060 to 90100 to 120200 to 240Question 37.37.Causes of hyperkalemia include: (Points : 2)Hyperparathyroidism and malnutritionVomiting and diarrhea
Renal failure and Addison diseaseHyperaldosteronism and Cushing diseaseQuestion 38.38.A person with type O blood is considered to be the universal blood donor becausetype O blood contains which of the following? (Points : 2)No antigensNo antibodiesBoth A and B antigensBoth A and B antibodiesQuestion 39.39.Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why? (Points : 2)The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units andconduits for blood.The right and left atria; they are not directly involved in the preload, contractility, or afterloadof the heart.The left ventricle; the mean pressure of blood coming into this ventricle is from the lung,which has a low pressure.The right ventricle; it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries, which have a lowerpressure compared with the systemic circulation.Question 40.40.What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood Fow through a vessel? (Points : 2)Increased blood pressure during periods of stressBounding pulse felt on palpationCyanosis observed on excretionMurmur heard on auscultationQuestion 41.41.What is the most common cause of iron de±ciency anemia (IDA)? (Points : 2)Decreased dietary intakeChronic blood loss
Vitamin defciencyAutoimmune diseaseQuestion 42.42.Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young inFants? (Points : 2)InFants are obligatory nose breathers.Their noses are small in diameter.InFants become dehydrated when mouth breathing.Their epiglottis is proportionally greater than the epiglottis oF an adult’s.Question 43.43.Which statement concerning benign tumors istrue? (Points : 2)The resulting pain is severe.Benign tumors are not encapsulated.Benign tumors are Fast growing.The cells are well-di±erentiated.Question 44.44.Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to Form newmuscle while appearing highly disorganized? (Points : 2)DysplasiaHyperplasiaMyoplasiaAnaplasiaQuestion 45.45.What is the Functional unit oF the kidney called? (Points : 2)GlomerulusNephronCollecting ductPyramid
Question 46.46.What is the most important negative inotropic agent? (Points : 2)NorepinephrineEpinephrineAcetylcholineDopamineQuestion 47.47.Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle celldepolarizations? (Points : 2)PRSQRSQT intervalPQuestion 48.48.The generation of clonal diversity occurs primarily during which phase of life? (Points: 2)FetalNeonatalInfancyPubertyQuestion 49.49.Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure?(Points : 2)Capillary hydrostaticInterstitial hydrostaticPlasma oncoticInterstitial oncoticQuestion 50.50.The most common site of metastasis for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer iswhich location? (Points : 2)
