(Unpacking Characters from an Integer) Using the right-shift operator, the bitwise AND operator and a mask, write function unpack Characters that takes the unsigned int from Exercise 10.12 and unpacks it into four characters. To unpack characters from a four-byte unsigned int, combine the unsigned int with the mask 4278190080 (11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000) and right shift the result 8 bits. Assign the resulting value to a char variable. Then combine the unsigned int with the mask 16711680 (00000000 11111111 00000000 00000000). Assign the result to another char variable. Continue this process with the masks 65280 and 255. The program should print the unsigned int in bits before it’s unpacked, then print the characters in bits to confirm that they were unpacked correctly.

Exercise 10.12

(Packing Characters into an Integer) The left-shift operator can be used to pack four character values into a four-byte unsigned int variable. Write a program that inputs four characters from the keyboard and passes them to function pack Characters. To pack four characters into an unsigned int variable, assign the first character to the unsigned int variable, shift the unsigned int variable left by 8 bit positions and combine the unsigned variable with the second character using the bitwise inclusive OR operator. Repeat this process for the third and fourth characters. The program should output the characters in their bit format before and after they’re packed into the unsigned int to prove that the characters are in fact packed correctly in the unsigned int variable.