The article “Plugged In, but Tuned Out” (USA Today, January 20, 2010) summarizes data from two surveys of kids age 8 to 18. One survey was conducted in 1999 and the other was conducted in 2009. Data on number of hours per day spent using electronic media that are consistent with summary quantities given in the article are given below (the actual sample sizes for the two surveys were much larger). For purposes of this exercise, assume that it is reasonable to regard the two samples as representative of kids age 8 to 18 in each of the 2 years that the surveys were conducted.

a. Because the given sample sizes are small, in order for the two-sample t test to be appropriate, what assumption must be made about the distributions of electronic media use times? Use the given data to construct graphical displays that would be useful in determining whether this assumption is reasonable. Do you think it is reasonable to use these data to carry out a two-sample t test?

b. Do the given data provide convincing evidence that the mean number of hours per day spent using electronic media was greater in 2009 than in 1999? Test the relevant hypotheses using a significance level of .01.

c. Construct and interpret a 98% confidence interval estimate of the difference between the mean number of hours per day spent using electronic media in 2009 and 1999.