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MCS,PHD
Argosy University/ Phoniex University/
Nov-2005 - Oct-2011
Professor
Phoniex University
Oct-2001 - Nov-2016
44.  It has been estimated that between 1945 and 1971, as many as 2 million children were born to mothers treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES), a nonsteroidal estrogen recommended for pregnancy maintenance. The FDA banned this drug in 1971 because research indicated a link with the incidence of cervical can- cer. The article Effects of Prenatal Exposure to
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provide effective treatment, it is important to detect childhood Cushing s disease as early as possible. Age at onset of symptoms and age at diagnosis for 15 children suffering from the disease were given in the article Treatment of Cushing s Disease in Child- hood and Adolescence by Transphenoidal Micro- adenomectomy (New Engl. J. Med., 1984: 889). Here are the values of the differences between age at onset of symptoms and age at diagnosis:
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-24Â Â -12Â Â -55Â Â Â -15Â Â Â -30Â Â -60Â Â Â -14Â Â -21
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-48Â Â -12Â Â -25Â Â Â -53Â Â Â -61Â Â -69Â Â Â -80
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a.  Does the accompanying normal probability plot cast strong doubt on the approximate normality of the population distribution of differences?
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b.  Calculate a lower 95% con dence bound for the population mean difference, and interpret the re- sulting bound.
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Difference
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Diethylstilbestrol (DES) on Hemispheric Laterality and Spatial Ability in Human Males  (Hormones
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—1.5                                —.5
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z percentile
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.5Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1.5
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Behav., 1992: 62—75) discussed a study in which 10 males exposed to DES and their unexposed brothers underwent various tests. This is the summary data on the results of a spatial ability test: x = 12.6 (ex- posed), y = 13.7, and standard error of mean differ- ence = .5. Test at level .05 to see whether exposure is associated with reduced spatial ability by obtain- ing the P-value.
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c.   Cushing s disease is characterized by muscular weakness due to adrenal or pituitary dysfunction. ToSuppose the (age at diagnosis) - (age at onset) differences had been calculated. What would be a 95% upper con dence bound for the corre- sponding population mean difference?
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