A certain computer provides its users with a virtual-memory space of 232 bytes. The computer has 218 bytes of physical memory. The virtual memory is implemented by paging, and the page size is 4096 bytes. A user process generates the virtual address 11123456. Explain how the system establishes the corresponding physical location. Distinguish between software and hardware operations. Answer: The virtual address in binary form is 0001 0001 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 Since the page size is 212, the page table size is 220. Therefore the low-order 12 bits “0100 0101 0110” are used as the displacement into the page, while the remaining 20 bits “0001 0001 0001 0010 0011” are used as the displacement in the page table.