Pap smears are a test for abnormal cancerous and precancerous cells taken from the cervix
9.63 Pap smears are a test for abnormal cancerous and precancerous cells taken from the cervix.
(a) State a pair of hypotheses and then explain the meaning of a false negative and a false positive.
(b) Why is the null hypothesis “null”? (c) Who bears the cost of each type of error?
9.64 In a commercially available fingerprint scanner (e.g., for your home or office PC) false accep- tances are 1 in 25 million for high-end devices, with false rejection rates of around 3 percent.
(a) Define Type I and II error. (b) Why do you suppose the false rejection rate is so high compared with the false acceptance rate? (Data are from Scientific American 288, no. 3 [March 2003], p. 98.)
9.65 When told that over a 10-year period a mammogram test has a false positive rate of 50 percent, Bob said, “That means that about half the women tested actually have no cancer.” Correct Bob’s mistaken interpretation.
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