13-21. A loan officer wished to determine if the marital status of loan applicants was independent of the approval of loans. The following table presents the result of her survey:

of 0.01.

b.    State the conclusion of the test conducted in part a.

c.     Calculate the p-value for the hypothesis test conducted in part a.

13-24. The following table classifies a stock’s price change as up, down, or no change for both today’s and yesterday’s prices. Price changes were examined for 100 days. A financial theory states that stock prices follow what is called a “random walk.” This means, in part, that the price change today for a stock must be independent of yesterday’s price change. Test the hypothesis that daily stock price changes for this  stock are independent. Let a = 0.05.

a.    

Conduct the appropriate hypothesis test that will provide an answer to the loan officer. Use a significance level of 0.01.

b.    Calculate the p-value for the hypothesis test in part a.

13-22. An instructor in a large accounting class is interested in determining whether the grades that students get are

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related to how close to the front of the room the students sit. He has categorized the room seating as “Front,” “Middle,” and “Back.” The following data were collected over two sections with 400 total students. Based on the sample data, can you conclude that there is a dependency relationship between

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