Answer 3 questions in APA StyleAnswers must be atleast 2 paragraphsProvide atleast 2 references for each answer. Attached is a sample of what the answer should look like in regards to APA Style. Question 1Taking a global perspective, compare and contrast the technical and political factors surrounding the Stuxnet worm and the country of Iran.Question 2A. Discuss actions that the United States could have or should have taken with regard to the Stuxnet worm.B Does the fact that the attack was against Iran change the United States potential response? Question 3What action should the United States take if it found out that a citizen or organization unilaterally took action against a foreign country using an offensive cyber attack?A.  From the criminality perspective, do Russia and China do enough in the cyberspace area?  

In November 2011, public reports were made by US intelligence officials that accused China and Russia of pervasively stealing classified, sensitive, and proprietary digital data from the US government, military, and US enterprises for their own national economic growth. (Bodenn, Meghani, and Robertson, 2011) 

However recent news reports have begun to paint a different picture between the US and China.  Collaboration between China and the US on establishing international cybersecurity rules and resolving cybercrimes and cyber espionage attacks have been noted. (Yap, 2012) 

On the other hand, I was unable to find similar efforts between Russia and the US in my recent research.  Two recent news examples of cooperation between China and the US included: 

Chinese defense minister, Liang Guanglie, and U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta publically committed to cooperate on “cyber threats and avoid miscalculations that can lead to cyber conflict between the two nations.” (Yap, 2012) 

Chinese Internet service provider (ISP), Tencent, the Chinese National Computer Virus Emergency Response Center, was reported as partnering with ESET, a cybersecurity research laboratory, on closing and removing email accounts on two Chinese domains that were associated with receiving stolen blueprints of industrial AutoCAD espionage. (Phneah, 2012) 

B.  What changes would you suggest if you were the U.S. Ambassador to these countries?  

As the US Ambassador to either China or Russia, I would make three (3) key recommendations to promote international collaborative partnerships: 

Develop and ratify borderless cybersecurity policies that can be enforced through international litigation and accepted international sanctions via the United Nations 

Agree on the definition of cyber warfare; develop and ratify a cyber warfare disarmament agreement with agreements on acceptable international uses of cyberspace 

Establish international cybersecurity threat operation centers where international partnerships work together under the same roof to thwart cyberspace threats 

  

C. Describe and discuss the potential impact of your recommendations.  

International politics are intermingled and cybersecurity issues carry political risks to impact the influences and outcomes on other political issues.  Diplomacy in motivating China and Russia into collaborative cybersecurity partnerships through mutually beneficial trade policies that will respectively generate growth within each nation’s economy, and thus, have a positive global effect. 

For example, the US has objectives to improve cyberspace international relationships with both China and Russia because “China is a key lender and trading partner, and the U.S. has relied on Beijing to put pressure on its longtime ally North Korea to negotiate over its nuclear program, and Russia is a key vote in the U.N. Security Council on issues involving Iran sanctions and nuclear arms reduction.” (Bodenn, Meghani, and Robertson, 2011) 

  

References 

  

Bodenn, C, Meghani, S., and Robertson, J. (2011). U.S. report rips China, Russia for cyber crime.  The Associated Press  

(Nov 3, 2011).  Retrieved from http://www.navytimes.com/news/2011/11/ap-us-report-blasts-china-russia-for-cybercrime-110311/ 

  

Phneah, E. (2012) Espionage malware sends data to China. Global ZDNet (June 22, 2012).  Retrieved from 

            http://www.zdnet.com/report-espionage-malware-sends-data-to-china-2062305205/   

  

Yap, J. (2012). US, China to cooperate on cybersecurity. Global ZDNet (May 8, 2012).  Retrieved from 

           http://www.zdnet.com/us-china-to-cooperate-on-cybersecurity-2062304728/