Kizza (2014) largely treated cyber-attacks as “cybercrime,” conveying the assumption that these attacks are by definition illegitimate and criminal. However, he occasionally seems to recognize that there might be motives that are more ambiguous and may have a social, moral, or political basis. Lessig (2006) also referred to Internet hacker ethic as rebellious and libertarian and not always criminal in a moral sense. One example cited by Kizza (2014) is the Seattle WTO protest and mass computer attacks that are “increasingly being used to avenge what the attackers consider to be injustices” (p. 97). Another example we discussed was the Stratfor attack. Also, recently we see many examples of cyber security invasions by governments and corporations.

Search the Internet or the Saudi Electronic University Library located on the Colorado Platform to find an example of a hacking activity or situation that represents a morally, ethically, or criminally ambiguous situation but is different from any examples you used in other assignments for this course.

Write a critical essay that addresses the following items:

1. Cite and briefly describe your example.
2. Apply what you have learned from the course to this point to identify arguments both in support of and critical of the behavior of the attackers.
3. Describe and explain the relationships among morality, ethics, law, and crime as they intersect in the case example that you have found.
4. Cite Winner’s “Do Artifacts Have Politics?” to identify and explain the political, moral, and ethical choices and consequences that may be embedded in technical choices and artifacts described in your example.

Discuss and cite the article “Do Artifacts Have Politics?”, the source of your example, and at least one additional credible or scholarly source other than the course textbook to support your analysis and positions. You may cite the course textbooks as well if you wish. Use Saudi Electronic University academic writing standards and APA style guidelines, citing references as appropriate. Your paper should be two to three pages in length. Before submitting your final version, be sure to submit a draft version to the TurnItIn Checker on the Colorado Platform.