Experiment 1: Oscillating Spring
In this experiment, you will investigate how mass and amplitude affect the period
of an oscillating spring. Materials
Bolt
Mass Set
Masking Tape
Ruler
Spring
Stopwatch *Computer
*Internet Access
*Pencil or Pen
*Table or Counter Top
*You Must Provide Procedure
Part 1: Changing Mass
1. Set a pencil on a surface, such as a table or counter, perpendicular to the
edge of the surface with the eraser end extending approximately 3 cm off
of the surface.
2. Secure the pencil to the surface with masking tape.
3. Suspend the spring from the pencil by the circular loop of the spring.
4. Hang the 50 g mass on the end of the spring by separating about three to
four coils of the free end of the spring and hooking the mass to those coils.
Let the mass suspend from the spring until it has reached equilibrium (not
moving).
5. Hold the ruler vertically next to the mass with the centimeter side closest to the mass.
Hint: You will need to support the ruler while using the stopwatch with the
same hand. If the mass does not hang low enough to rest the ruler on the
floor, try placing your lab kit box as a base under the hanging mass. If the
mass touches the floor when hung on the coils try using a higher counter
top. If there is no higher counter top available try using the top of an open
© 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.
All Rights Reserved door. Use caution and extra tape for support. Ensure
the pencil is stable before hanging any mass on it.
Wear safety glasses.
6. Observe where the top of the mass lines up with the
ruler when the spring rests at equilibrium (no
movement).
7. Displace the mass 5 cm from equilibrium by pulling it
down until the top of the mass is 5 cm lower than
when it was at rest and release it. Observe the
resulting motion.
8. Use the stopwatch to measure the amount of time it
takes for the mass to make N number oscillations.
Record the number of oscillations you choose to time
in Table 1. Figure 5: Step 11
reference. 9. Repeat Step 8 until you get a consistent time reading. Record the time in
Table 1.
10. Repeat Steps 4 – 9 for the 100 g mass.
11. Attach the steel bolt to the end of the spring as shown in Figure 5. Extend
the end of the coil and start to wrap it around the thin part of the bolt just
under the head, similar to putting a key on a metal key ring. Once 1 - 2 coils
have been wrapped around the neck of the bolt and it is secure, move onto
the next step.
12. Repeat Steps 4 - 9 for the steel bolt. If the displacement is too large, reduce
it by 1 cm until a smooth oscillation is observed. Part 2: Changing Amplitude
1. Hang the 100 g mass on the end of the spring by separating about three to
four coils of the free end of the spring and hooking the mass to those coils.
Let the mass suspend from the spring until it has reached equilibrium.
2. Hold the ruler vertically next to the mass with the centimeter side closest to
the mass.
Hint: You will need to support the ruler while using the stopwatch with the
same hand. If the mass does not hang low enough to rest the ruler on the
floor, try placing your lab kit box under the hanging mass to be used as a
base. If the mass touches the floor when hung on the coils try using a
higher counter top. If there is no higher counter top available try using the
top of an open door. Be careful and use extra tape for support. Ensure the
© 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.
All Rights Reserved pencil is stable before hanging any mass on it. Wear safety
glasses.
3. Observe where the top of the mass lines up with the ruler when it is at
equilibrium (at rest).
4. Displace the mass 5 cm from equilibrium by pulling it down until the top of
the mass is 5 cm lower than when it was at rest and release it. Observe the
resulting motion.
5. Use the stopwatch to measure the amount of time it takes for the mass to
make N oscillations. Record the number of oscillations you choose to time
in Table 2.
6. Repeat Step 5 until you get a consistent time reading. Record this time in
Table 1.
7. Choose an amplitude other than 5 cm. Record the amplitude in Table 2.
8. Repeat Steps 4 - 7 for four additional amplitudes. Table 1: Period at Varying Masses
Number of Oscillations:
Object Time for N osc. (s) Period (s) t/N 50 g Mass
100 g Mass
Bolt Table 2: Period at Varying Amplitudes
Mass (g): 100
Number of Oscillations:
Amplitude (cm) Time for N osc. (s) 5 © 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.
All Rights Reserved Period (s) t/N Post-Lab Questions
1. Describe initial observations about any differences in motion as mass and
amplitude changed. 2. Create a plot of the period vs. mass (exclude the steel bolt). Construct your
plot on a computer program such as Microsoft Excel®. If you do not have a
graphing program installed on your computer, you can access one on the
internet via the following links: http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/createagraph/
or http://www.onlinecharttool.com/graph?selected_graph=bar. Comment
on the general shape of your plot and relate this shape to the equation
describing SHM: 3. Use your data to calculate the spring constant, k, of the spring.
Hint: What variables do you need to plot in order to produce a linear graph
in order to calculate k? 4. Use the calculated value of k and your data from Part 1: Changing Mass to
calculate the mass of the steel bolt. © 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.
All Rights Reserved 5. Calculate the maximum speed of the masses and steel bolt during the
oscillation. © 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.
All Rights Reserved

 

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