SophiaPretty

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About SophiaPretty

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Accounting,Algebra,Applied Sciences,Architecture and Design,Art & Design,Biology,Business & Finance,Calculus,Chemistry,Communications,Computer Science,Economics,Engineering,English,Environmental science,Essay writing Hide all
Teaching Since: Jul 2017
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  • MBA,PHD, Juris Doctor
    Strayer,Devery,Harvard University
    Mar-1995 - Mar-2002

Experience

  • Manager Planning
    WalMart
    Mar-2001 - Feb-2009

Category > Art & Design Posted 24 Jul 2017 My Price 5.00

I need help putting this togather.

Introduction:

Theimportanceofphysicalactivityisunquestionable, especiallyinchildhoodandpre-adolescents…

 

Therelationshipbetweenmotorproficiencyandbodyweightstatusinchildrenisanemergingbodyofresearch, withlittleevidencetosuggestthe direction of causation. Researchhassuggestedaninverserelationshipbetweenbodymassindex (BMI) andmotorskillperformanceinchildhoodandearlyadolescence (D’Hondt, etal., 2013; Marmeleira, etal., 2016).

 

This essay will focus on the discussion the reciprocal causal relationship between children’s weight status and motor development or lack of thereafter.

ofcausation:

Motordevelopment; a_____definition_____isacrucialaspectofachild’sdevelopnecessarytomanageeverydaytasksanddeveloptheskillstoacquirecomplextasks.Childrenlackingmotorskillsareatanincreasedriskofbeingphysicallyinactiveleadingthemtoasedentarylifestyleresultinginincreasedadiposity. Consequently, decreasingtheirlikelihoodtofacilitatemotorskilldevelopmentthroughPAparticipation, resultinginanegativefeedbackloop (Milne, LeongandHing, 2016). ThestrengthofthenegativecorrelationbetweenmotorcompetenceandBMIincreasesuptotheageof 11 (Marmeleira, etal., 2016).

 

OBESITYPRECEDESDECLINEINMOTORSKILLS: [c1] 

Cheng, etal., (2016) conductedastudytoinvestigatetheassociationbetweenphysicalactivity, levelsofmotorcoordinationandBMIin 665 childrenaged 5-10 years. Thestudyusedacross-laggedpanelmodeltoidentifythetemporalprecedenceintherelationshipbetweenmotorskillsandweightstatusinthesubjects.  Findingssuggest, heavierweightstatus[c2] isaprecursormoresothanaconsequenceofpoormotorskills. Theresultsalsodemonstratedthatbeingoverweightattheageof5  wasassociatedwithsignificantdeclinesonthemotorskillsat 10 yearsofage. Overall, theresultsofthisstudyindicateexcessadiposityinhibitsobesechildrenmotordevelopmentandexercisingmotorskillsthereforecontributingtoadeclineinmotorproficiencyrelativetohealthyweightchildren. [c3] 

(Okely, A.D., Booth, M.L., andChey, T., 2004)

Conductedastudytoexaminetheassociationoffundamentalmovementskillsandmeasuresofbodycomposition. Secondaryanalysesofcross-secntionaldatafrom 4,363 childrenandadoloesncetsbetweengrades 4 to 10 wereassessedbyobservation. ……………….

FMSwasassessedbasedonobservationofrunning, verticaljump, throwing, catching, kickingandstriking,….

.resultsindicatedtheabilitytoparticipateorperformFMSwassignificantlyrealtedtoBMIandwaistcircumference.

ResearchconductedbyD’Hondt, etal., (2013, 2014) alsosuggeststhatobeseandoverweightchildrendisplaypoorerperformanceinmotorskilldemandingtasksandarelesslikelytoengageinphysicalactivity.The 2-year longitudinal investigationwasfocusedonunderstandingtheinterrelationshipbetweenchildren’sweightstatusandlevelofgrossmotorcoordination. Baselinemeasurementswerecollectedof 2517 childrenbetweentheageof 5-12 yearsofage; althoughonly 754 particiantswereavailableforthefollow-up. Thechildren’sweightstatusandlevelofgrossmotorcoordinationfactorswereassessedusingBMIz=scoreandKorperkoordinationfukKinder (KTK) test, respectively. TheuseofBMIz-scoreasameasureofthechildenweightstatus toSimilarly, as mentioned by D’Hondt et al., (2014) theuseofthestandardized German test battery KTKtestasameasureofgrossmotorskills has been shown to a highly reliable and valid instrument. Theresultsofthisstudyweretwofold[c4] , oneconclusionstronglysuggestsahigherbaselineBMIz-scoreasapredictorordecreasedKTKperformanceandthereforeadelayinthegrossmotordevelopmentofthesechildren(D’Hondt, etal., 2014). The amount of missing data and differences in the sample size; baseline (n= 2517) to the final measure (n= 754) was a major drawbacks of this study as the result may limit the generalizability of the findings.

 

 

Childrenwithbettermotorproficiencyaremorelikelytobephysicallyactive, andsubsequentlyhavealowerBMI (Marmeleira, etal., 2016). Researchhassuggestedandconfirmedchildrenwithhigherweightstatushavegreaterdifficultyperformingmotorskills, resultinginlowerlocomotioncompetence (Stoddenetal., 2008).

 

MOTORSKILLPRECEDESOBESITY

Asmentionedearlier, thestudyconductedbyD’Hondt, etal., (2014), alowerperformanceontheKTKatbaselinepredictedanincreaseinBMIz-score.

Lopes et al. ???

As suggested by Lopes et al., the level of gross motor coordination significantly predicts the changes in the subcutaneous adiposity;

 

 

 

Fundamentalmovementskillsarecriticaltoparticipationinmostphysicalactivities (Okely, A.D., Booth, M.L., andChey, T., 2004)

 

Onthecontrary, Martinsetal., (2010) concludedthatpoormotorproficiencyatage 5 didnotpredictobesityorincreaseinBMI.

 

Therefore, moreresearchisrequiredtogainabetterunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweentheobesityandmotordevelopmentandtheinfluenceofphysicalactivity.

 

InfluenceofPhysicalactivity:

Consideringthehighprevalenceofchildhoodobesityitiscrucialtointroduceinterventionstopromotephysicalactivity (PA). Thedevelopmentofmotorskillcompetenceisaprimarymechanismthatpromotestheengagementinphysicalactivity; Marmeleiraetal., (2016) studyfoundpoormotorskillstobecorrelatedwithincreasedriskofinsufficientengagementinPA. PAisacentralcomponentinboththepreventionandtreatmentofchildhoodobesity (D’Hondt, etal., 2012). Earlychildhoodobesityinterventionserveatwo-foldbenefit; increasingphysicalactivityandoverallfitnesslevelsaswellasminimizingsubsequentdeclineinchildren’smotorskills (Cheng, etal., 2016). Martinsetal., (2010) researchsuggestschildrenwhoarephysicallyactivedemonstratedbettermotordevelopment; furtherconfirmingtheinversecorrelationbetweenmotorcompetenceandweightstatus(Martins, etal.,  2010).AssuggestedbyStoddenetal., (2008), children’sphysicalactivitymaydrivetheirdevelopmentofmotorskillcompetenceasitprovidesmoreoppurtunitiestopromoteneuromotordevelopmentthereforepromotingmotorskills. ChildrenwithlowermotorcompetencetypicallydonotexperiencesuccessfulexperiencewhentheydoattemptparticipatinginPA, asaresult, theyarelessliketobephysicallyactivethroughoutchildhood (Stodden, etal., 2008).

 

Interventionstrategiesemphasizingincreasedmotorskillproficiency; especiallylocomotorskills) mayprovetobeakeycomponenttoprevent ‘unhealthy’ weightgainorcontrolweightstatusinchildrenandadolescents (Stodden, etal., 2008).

 

Conclusion[c5] :

 

AsmentionedbyStoddenetal., (2008), ObesityisnotonlyamediatingvariableinhowmotordevelopmentskillsandPAarerelated, butalsotheproductoftheinteraction.

Leadingaquestionforward: Whataboutfinemotorskills(fine motor skills and object control skills)

 

 

 [c1]Obesity and motor skills

 [c2]change

 [c3]raija’s comments:

-       Critic the research: in relation to my topic

-       what did they

-      IS BMI a reliable and valid measure in that age group

o   Critic the use of BMI

-      KTK battery- commonly used; but validated for this age group?

-      mention how they aassesed

-      commonly used;  assessment –

-      statisitical analysis:

-      anlysis of the

-      where it was done?

-      Culturally driven

-       Bring multiple researchers together; a few to address the main issues thoroughly

-      Cheng et al and Okley

 

-      SO WHAT AT THE END:

 

-      This found this and while the other found something why? Desing difference?

 [c4]HELP! REFERRING TO THE TWO-FOLD CONCLUSION, THIS ONE HERE SUPPORTS THIS SUB-THESIS AND THE SECOND CONCLUSION SUPPORTS MY 2ND SUBTHESIS… HOW SHOULD I INCORPORATE THAT

-       [c5]Research approaching from outer disciplinary (social/ psychological)

-      Need to PT intervention? Is there PT intervention and how effective is it? 

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SophiaPretty
(5)
Status NEW Posted 24 Jul 2017 07:07 AM My Price 5.00

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