Explain various Object Oriented concepts used in Software Engineering.Give an example.Ans .Various concepts of Object Oriented concepts used in SoftwareEngineering:• Object:- An object is something which is capable of being seen,touched or sensed. Each object has certain distinctions or attributes whichenable you to recognize and classify it. Each object has certain actions ormethods associated with it.• Class:-A class encapsulates data and procedural abstractions required todescribe the content and behavior of some real world entity. A class is ageneralized description that describes a collection of similar objects.• Encapsulation:- An object is said to be encapsulate (hide) data andprogram. This means that the user cannot see the inside of the object butcan use the object by calling the program part of the object. This hiding ofdetails of one object from another object, which uses it, is known asencapsulation.• Inheritance:-Inheritance is defined as the property of objects by whichinstances of a class can have access to data and programs contained in apreviously defined class, without those definitions being restated. Classesare linked together in a hierarchy. They form a tree, whose root is the classof “objects”. Each class (except for the root class) will have a super class(a class above it in the hierarchy) and possibly subclasses. A class caninherit (i.e. acquire) methods from its super class and in turn can passmethods on to its subclasses. A subclass must have all the properties of theparent class, and other properties as well.• Polymorphism:-Polymorphism includes the ability to use the samemessage to objects of different classes and have them behave differently.Thus we could define the message “+” for both the addition of numbersand the concatenation (joining) of characters. Polymorphism provides theability to use the same word to invoke different methods, according tosimilarity of meaning.Object/class associations:-Objects/classes interact with each other.Multiplicity defines how many instances of one object/class can beassociated with one instance of another object/class.• Messages:-The interaction or communication between the different objectsand classes is done by passing messages. The object, which requirescommunicating with another object, will send a request message to thelatter. A message can be sent between two objects only if they have anassociation between them.