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1.What is one of the main points provided by the example of flight attendants?
Select one:
a. As women enter previously male-dominated professions, these professions gradually come to seem less glamorous.
b. Women’s work is thought of as involving other qualities and skills than men doing the same job.
c. Unlike today, women in the 1960s were sexualized in the job market and sexually harassed on the job.
d. All of the above.
The gender pay gap is:
Select one:
a. the difference between the average incomes of men and women who work full-time for pay.
b. the actual salary gap between women and men regardless of the hours they work for pay.
c. irrelevant, because today women and men make the same amount for the same jobs, but just have different jobs.
d. the difference between women’s and men’s incomes in exactly the same job for the same employer.
The gender pay gap:
Select one:
a.
is similar in every U.S. state.
b. differs only by race and ethnicity.
c. shrinks as women get more education.
d. tends to grow larger over the course of a career.
Gendered job segregation is:
Select one:
a. relatively constant over time and place because it reflects gender dimorphism.
b. extremely high in some occupations in the United States today.
c. virtually gone from most U.S. occupations since the 1960s.
d. making men and women who do the same work do it separately.
Which of the following statements best describes the socialization hypothesis for explaining job segregation?
Select one:
a. Men and women respond to gender stereotypes when planning, training, and applying for jobs.
b. Hiring often occurs through personal networks, which are themselves gendered, so hiring is gendered in turn.
c. Employers tend to prefer men for masculine jobs and women for feminine jobs, slotting applicants into gender-consistent roles during hiring and promotion.
d. Workers tend to abandon counter-stereotypical occupations at a higher rate than stereotypical ones
The network hypothesis:
Select one:
a. seeks to explain how gendered hiring occurs through differences in personal networks.
b. says that applications are not overtly gendered, but employers are looking for gender clues in people’s social networks.
c. states that hiring increasingly occurs through personal networks and, since these are gender neutral, hiring now tends to be gender neutral.
d. says that your networks only matter if you want a certain type of job.
All of the following factors contribute to the gender wage gap in the United States EXCEPT:
Select one:
a. occupational segregation.
b. interruptions to women’s employment over the course of their working life.
c. devaluation of women’s work.
d. laws excluding women from certain jobs.
An androcentric pay scale implies which of the following?
Select one:
a. The percentage of women in an occupation is a good predictor of it being a less well-paid one.
b. Men and women get paid according to their skill levels, but men are more skilled on average.
c. The gender composition of the job has no effect on wages, but women get paid less for it.
d.
The gender composition of a job is less important than workers’ experience, and men have more experience.
Care work―work that involves face-to-face caretaking of the physical, emotional, and educational needs of others―is:
Select one:
a. a job that includes a glass escalator for women.
b. paid even less than other feminized jobs.
c. the only kind of job done primarily by women that is paid equal to the average job held by men.
d. one occupation in which there is almost no wage gap.
When psychologists asked ten- and eleven-year-olds to evaluate fake jobs, the ones that the children were told were performed mostly by men were:
Select one:
a. rated realistically as well-paid.
b. seen as being more sexist.
c. rated as higher status.
d. associated with skills men have more often than women.
The glass ceiling is something that:
Select one:
a. men experience in female-dominated occupations.
b. women experience in male-dominated occupations.
c. both men and women experience in occupations dominated by the other gender.
d. transmen and transwomen experience.
The idea that an employee should devote themselves exclusively to their job without interference from family responsibilities is called:
Select one:
a. the ideal worker norm.
b. the glass ceiling.
c. illegal sex discrimination.
d. the mommy track.
The discrimination that employers show toward women with children compared to other women and men as actual or potential employees is called:
Select one:
a. the ideal worker norm.
b. the motherhood penalty.
c. illegal sex discrimination.
d. the gender wage gap.
Which of the following best describes the fatherhood premium?
Select one:
a. Married fathers who live with their children earn less than married men without children at all.
b. On average, employers offer married men with children higher salaries than single men.
c. Married fathers are more likely to keep their jobs than married men without children.
d. Men with children earn more than women with children.
What does the term the mommy track describe/refer to?
Select one:
a. the extra housework that women have, in addition to paid work outside the house
b. a career path with fewer opportunities for raises, promotions, or equal pay
c. an average decrease in women’s salaries with every child they have
d. the interruptions that occur in women’s work lives because men do not share childcare equally
CoverGirl promises girls they can do whatever they want using the hashtag #GirlsCan and the slogan “make the world a little more easy, breezy, and beautiful.” This ad campaign is an example of:
Select one:
a. corporate co-optation of feminism.
b.
active anti-feminist countermovements organized to oppose feminist social change.
c. embedded feminism
d. feminist marketing
Which model of gender equality would be most attractive to women and men who embrace feminine roles?
Select one:
a. equal access
b. equal value
c. equal sharing
d. equal opportunity
A state policy that encourages high-income women to choose stay-at-home motherhood, but discourages it among low-income mothers is an example of:
Select one:
a. the gender of governance.
b. the governance of gender.
c. gender-aware policymaking.
d. symbolic representation.
Which model of gender equality is most appealing to those who believe that we should be working to establish societies in which gender disappears as a meaningful category?
Select one:
a. equal opportunity
b. equal access
c. equal value
d. equal sharing
According to Table 13.1, which country offers parental leave to both mothers and fathers at 100 percent of their income for the longest number of weeks?
Select one:
a. Denmark
b. United States
c. Israel
d. South Korea
In what ways has women’s symbolic representation translated into substantive representation?
Select one:
a. Female legislators introduce fewer but better bills than men.
b. Women now hold more than 40 percent of seats in most international legislative bodies.
c. Women are more likely than men to introduce bills that address women’s needs.
d. In most countries, women legislators have formed a unified voting bloc.
Laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the workplace are examples of:
Select one:
a. policies designed to tackle androcentrism.
b. equal value models of governance.
c. policies that ensure men and women participate equally.
d. equal access policies aimed to reduce sexism.
Which of the following is an example of how states govern gender?
Select one:
a. holding elections for governors every four years
b. electing an historic number of women to legislative positions in 2013
c. collecting taxes in April of every year
d. instituting tax laws allowing married couples to keep more money than cohabitating couples
Which country was the first to grant women the right to vote in 1910?
Select one:
a. Finland
b. United States
c. South Africa
d. France
Why is raising the minimum wage both a class issue and a feminist issue?
Select one:
a. Nearly two-thirds of minimum-wage workers are women.
b. Leaving the minimum wage low contributes to the feminization of poverty.
c. Raising the minimum wage would reduce economic inequality between women and men.
d. All of the above.
Women represent more than 40 percent of members in the legislature of which one of these countries?
Select one:
a. Sierra Leone
b. United States
c. Saudi Arabia
d. Chile
Equal access policies (like the antidiscrimination policies prominent in the United States) accomplish some things but not others. Which of these is their characteristic shortcoming?
Select one:
a. Equal access policies do not reduce sexism in employers’ decision-making.
b. Equal access policies not do encourage people to value femininity.
c. Equal access policies do not encourage women to seek work in masculine fields.
d. Equal access policies do not apply to women in education.
A society that rewards reproductive labor, such as taking care of children and the elderly, is a society that embraces a standard of:
Select one:
a. gender neutrality
b. equal access
c. equal sharing
d. equal value
What is one challenge feminists face when participating in transnational feminist activism?
Select one:
a. ensuring that the voice and tactics of Western feminists do not dominate the movement
b. the scarcity of feminist organizations and weak feminist networks found in the Southern Hemisphere
c. unwillingness by the United Nations to recognize gender as an important organizing principle
d. not enough American feminists who are willing to help women in non-Western nations
Compared to the baby boomer generation, fewer young people today use the word feminist to describe themselves. One reason for this phenomenon is:
Select one:
a. most young people are anti-feminist.
b. corporations are using feminist messages in marketing campaigns.
c. anti-feminist countermovements have succeeded in defining the meaning of the term.
d. women’s movements have become too autonomous for most people’s tast1.What is one of the main points provided by the example of flight attendants?
Select one:
a. As women enter previously male-dominated professions, these professions gradually come to seem less glamorous.
b. Women’s work is thought of as involving other qualities and skills than men doing the same job.
c. Unlike today, women in the 1960s were sexualized in the job market and sexually harassed on the job.
d. All of the above.
The gender pay gap is:
Select one:
a. the difference between the average incomes of men and women who work full-time for pay.
b. the actual salary gap between women and men regardless of the hours they work for pay.
c. irrelevant, because today women and men make the same amount for the same jobs, but just have different jobs.
d. the difference between women’s and men’s incomes in exactly the same job for the same employer.
The gender pay gap:
Select one:
a.
is similar in every U.S. state.
b. differs only by race and ethnicity.
c. shrinks as women get more education.
d. tends to grow larger over the course of a career.
Gendered job segregation is:
Select one:
a. relatively constant over time and place because it reflects gender dimorphism.
b. extremely high in some occupations in the United States today.
c. virtually gone from most U.S. occupations since the 1960s.
d. making men and women who do the same work do it separately.
Which of the following statements best describes the socialization hypothesis for explaining job segregation?
Select one:
a. Men and women respond to gender stereotypes when planning, training, and applying for jobs.
b. Hiring often occurs through personal networks, which are themselves gendered, so hiring is gendered in turn.
c. Employers tend to prefer men for masculine jobs and women for feminine jobs, slotting applicants into gender-consistent roles during hiring and promotion.
d. Workers tend to abandon counter-stereotypical occupations at a higher rate than stereotypical ones
The network hypothesis:
Select one:
a. seeks to explain how gendered hiring occurs through differences in personal networks.
b. says that applications are not overtly gendered, but employers are looking for gender clues in people’s social networks.
c. states that hiring increasingly occurs through personal networks and, since these are gender neutral, hiring now tends to be gender neutral.
d. says that your networks only matter if you want a certain type of job.
All of the following factors contribute to the gender wage gap in the United States EXCEPT:
Select one:
a. occupational segregation.
b. interruptions to women’s employment over the course of their working life.
c. devaluation of women’s work.
d. laws excluding women from certain jobs.
An androcentric pay scale implies which of the following?
Select one:
a. The percentage of women in an occupation is a good predictor of it being a less well-paid one.
b. Men and women get paid according to their skill levels, but men are more skilled on average.
c. The gender composition of the job has no effect on wages, but women get paid less for it.
d.
The gender composition of a job is less important than workers’ experience, and men have more experience.
Care work―work that involves face-to-face caretaking of the physical, emotional, and educational needs of others―is:
Select one:
a. a job that includes a glass escalator for women.
b. paid even less than other feminized jobs.
c. the only kind of job done primarily by women that is paid equal to the average job held by men.
d. one occupation in which there is almost no wage gap.
When psychologists asked ten- and eleven-year-olds to evaluate fake jobs, the ones that the children were told were performed mostly by men were:
Select one:
a. rated realistically as well-paid.
b. seen as being more sexist.
c. rated as higher status.
d. associated with skills men have more often than women.
The glass ceiling is something that:
Select one:
a. men experience in female-dominated occupations.
b. women experience in male-dominated occupations.
c. both men and women experience in occupations dominated by the other gender.
d. transmen and transwomen experience.
The idea that an employee should devote themselves exclusively to their job without interference from family responsibilities is called:
Select one:
a. the ideal worker norm.
b. the glass ceiling.
c. illegal sex discrimination.
d. the mommy track.
The discrimination that employers show toward women with children compared to other women and men as actual or potential employees is called:
Select one:
a. the ideal worker norm.
b. the motherhood penalty.
c. illegal sex discrimination.
d. the gender wage gap.
Which of the following best describes the fatherhood premium?
Select one:
a. Married fathers who live with their children earn less than married men without children at all.
b. On average, employers offer married men with children higher salaries than single men.
c. Married fathers are more likely to keep their jobs than married men without children.
d. Men with children earn more than women with children.
What does the term the mommy track describe/refer to?
Select one:
a. the extra housework that women have, in addition to paid work outside the house
b. a career path with fewer opportunities for raises, promotions, or equal pay
c. an average decrease in women’s salaries with every child they have
d. the interruptions that occur in women’s work lives because men do not share childcare equally
CoverGirl promises girls they can do whatever they want using the hashtag #GirlsCan and the slogan “make the world a little more easy, breezy, and beautiful.” This ad campaign is an example of:
Select one:
a. corporate co-optation of feminism.
b.
active anti-feminist countermovements organized to oppose feminist social change.
c. embedded feminism
d. feminist marketing
Which model of gender equality would be most attractive to women and men who embrace feminine roles?
Select one:
a. equal access
b. equal value
c. equal sharing
d. equal opportunity
A state policy that encourages high-income women to choose stay-at-home motherhood, but discourages it among low-income mothers is an example of:
Select one:
a. the gender of governance.
b. the governance of gender.
c. gender-aware policymaking.
d. symbolic representation.
Which model of gender equality is most appealing to those who believe that we should be working to establish societies in which gender disappears as a meaningful category?
Select one:
a. equal opportunity
b. equal access
c. equal value
d. equal sharing
According to Table 13.1, which country offers parental leave to both mothers and fathers at 100 percent of their income for the longest number of weeks?
Select one:
a. Denmark
b. United States
c. Israel
d. South Korea
In what ways has women’s symbolic representation translated into substantive representation?
Select one:
a. Female legislators introduce fewer but better bills than men.
b. Women now hold more than 40 percent of seats in most international legislative bodies.
c. Women are more likely than men to introduce bills that address women’s needs.
d. In most countries, women legislators have formed a unified voting bloc.
Laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the workplace are examples of:
Select one:
a. policies designed to tackle androcentrism.
b. equal value models of governance.
c. policies that ensure men and women participate equally.
d. equal access policies aimed to reduce sexism.
Which of the following is an example of how states govern gender?
Select one:
a. holding elections for governors every four years
b. electing an historic number of women to legislative positions in 2013
c. collecting taxes in April of every year
d. instituting tax laws allowing married couples to keep more money than cohabitating couples
Which country was the first to grant women the right to vote in 1910?
Select one:
a. Finland
b. United States
c. South Africa
d. France
Why is raising the minimum wage both a class issue and a feminist issue?
Select one:
a. Nearly two-thirds of minimum-wage workers are women.
b. Leaving the minimum wage low contributes to the feminization of poverty.
c. Raising the minimum wage would reduce economic inequality between women and men.
d. All of the above.
Women represent more than 40 percent of members in the legislature of which one of these countries?
Select one:
a. Sierra Leone
b. United States
c. Saudi Arabia
d. Chile
Equal access policies (like the antidiscrimination policies prominent in the United States) accomplish some things but not others. Which of these is their characteristic shortcoming?
Select one:
a. Equal access policies do not reduce sexism in employers’ decision-making.
b. Equal access policies not do encourage people to value femininity.
c. Equal access policies do not encourage women to seek work in masculine fields.
d. Equal access policies do not apply to women in education.
A society that rewards reproductive labor, such as taking care of children and the elderly, is a society that embraces a standard of:
Select one:
a. gender neutrality
b. equal access
c. equal sharing
d. equal value
What is one challenge feminists face when participating in transnational feminist activism?
Select one:
a. ensuring that the voice and tactics of Western feminists do not dominate the movement
b. the scarcity of feminist organizations and weak feminist networks found in the Southern Hemisphere
c. unwillingness by the United Nations to recognize gender as an important organizing principle
d. not enough American feminists who are willing to help women in non-Western nations
Compared to the baby boomer generation, fewer young people today use the word feminist to describe themselves. One reason for this phenomenon is:
Select one:
a. most young people are anti-feminist.
b. corporations are using feminist messages in marketing campaigns.
c. anti-feminist countermovements have succeeded in defining the meaning of the term.
d. women’s movements have become too autonomous for most people’s tastes.
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