Tutor Response Form

 

*Writing Strength: before we start developing your essay, I would like to point out that you did well in choosing very interesting sources for your paper.  I was fascinated, for example, by Connie Young Yu’s discussion of her grandmother’s experience.  Choosing relevant sources and material to support your thesis is vital for high quality academic writing.  Good work, Shivam! J



Main Idea/Thesis: 

Your thesis would be much more effective if you made it more specific.  You wrote:

 

Their intended new dwelling, however, proved contrary to their anticipation as they faced tremendous challenges while trying to blend in and improve their living conditions.

After reading this, your readers are left wondering, “What tremendous challenges?”  To add this to your thesis, ask yourself, “What were the three most important challenges Chinese immigrants faced upon arrival in America?” 

 

Including the answer to that question in your thesis will make it much stronger. 

Content Development: 

The development of your paper is a bit uneven.  In order to see this, I’ve created a very simple chart of the body of your paper:

 

·         “Migration of Chinese People to US” = 2 paragraphs = 16 sentences

·         “Experiences Faced After Arrival” = 3 paragraphs = 32 sentences

·         “View of Native-Born Americans and Chinese Immigrants” = 4 paragraphs = 29 sentences

·         “International Events that Shaped Chinese Immigration Debate” = 2 paragraphs = 24 sentences

 

After looking at this, it’s easy to see that your first section is much less developed than the rest of your paper.  When you spend less time developing one point of your paper than the rest, it leads your readers to assume that you consider that point less important.

 

Nevertheless, in academic writing you are expected to maintain objectivity.  To do that, you should strive to treat all aspects of a topic equally and fairly. 

 

To eliminate the appearance of bias in your paper, go back and add facts, examples, details and illustrations to your first section.  To do this, consider:

 

·         What challenges were faced by Chinese who chose to migrate to America?

·         Was it a difficult process to obtain permission to leave China? 

·         Was it expensive to travel to America?

·         What hardships did they undergo on their voyage to America? 

 

Adding the answers to these questions to the first section of your paper will greatly even out the current uneven development of your essay.

Sentence Structure: 

Generally, academic writers try to use active voice when writing.  The active voice is usually more direct and friendly than the passive voice. 

 

In passive voice, the subject of the sentence receives the action.  For example, you wrote:

 

The United States was founded by immigrants along with their descendants

 

In this sentence, the subject, “United States”, isn’t doing anything.  It is receiving the action of being founded. 

 

Using the passive voice makes your writing seem slow-moving and impersonal. 

 

To fix this error, just flip the sentence.  Make the subject give or do the action, not receive it.  Here’s your sentence, written in the active voice:

 

Immigrants, along with their descendants, founded the United States.

 

See how much stronger your sentence becomes when written in the active voice?  Use this as a model to revise any other sentences in your paper written in the passive voice.

Summary of Next Steps: 

 

• Make your thesis more specific and thus stronger.
• Add development where indicated.
• Revise all sentences written in the passive voice.

 

Thank you for submitting your essay for a review, Shivam. I enjoyed helping you with this step in the revision process. Good luck on your paper! –Louise L. J

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Please look for comments [in bold and in brackets] in your essay below.

 

 

 

 

Chinese Immigration to America

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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The United States was founded by immigrants along with their descendants. [Consider revising this so that it is written in the active voice instead of the passive voice.] In the course of the 17^th and 18^th century, the British colonies were settled by diverse European people who migrated to America in search for opportunities whilesome migrated because of religious and political persecution in their countries.[1] Even so, immigration was encouraged in the colonial era since most of the immigrants were Anglo-Saxon Protestants and Whites. In the 19^th century, millions of people made their grueling expedition to the United States from many parts of the world. However, when foreigners of a different kind started entering the land of opportunities, their reception became hostile. Of these immigrants, were the Chinese whowere among the first Asian immigrants to migrate to the U.S. in significant numbers. Their intended new dwelling, however, proved contrary to their anticipation as they faced tremendous challenges while trying to blend in and improve their living conditions.[What challenges?  Being specific here will make your thesis much stronger.]

Migration of Chinese People to U.S

The initial encounters of the Chinese and America with its population came with the trade between the two nations in the late 18^th century. Missionary sponsored students, servants, and merchants were among the first Chinese immigrant. As of the 1850s, the trickle of the Chinese immigrants into the United States become a steady flow with about 300,000 arriving by 1882.[2][Watch out for verb tense errors like this one.  Here, you’ve used the present tense verb “become” when your meaning requires the past tense, “became”.] The massive immigration of the Chinese was partly for asimilarreason many Americans were clustering in California.[3]Many Chinese migrantswere enticed by the stories of gold in California in the United States. There were rumors of a ‘golden mountain,’ which provided a promise of economic affluence for the muchimpoverished Chinese.[Because this is a compound adjective, you need to use a hyphen between the words “much” and “improverished”.] For this reason, a lot of the Chinese immigrants contracted the Chinese merchants of the time to be shipped to the United States in return for payment.[How much did this cost the Chinese?  How were they treated on the voyage?  Addressing these questions here will add greatly to your development.] Historians have been keen to point out that the Gold Rush marked the beginning of the Chinese immigration into the United States in the 19^th century. However, some other reasons led the Chinese people to migrate to the United States.

Prior to the Gold Rush, and specifically in 1842, the Chinese underwent a crushing setback to the British at the First Opium War from 1839 to 1842.[4] The conflict evolved following the banning of the opium trade by the ruling Qing Dynasty. Nonetheless, the Great Britain was generating a lot of proceeds from the business and thus vowed to safeguard their economicbenefits in the Asian country. China’s army was badly undermanned, which resulted in them being overpowered early in the war. As a result, civil unrest broke out in various parts of China prompting a lot of the Chinese people to flee their country. Also, the ruthlessness of the Qing’s regime to calm the demonstrations lead to an exceedingly hostile environment for much Chinese.[5][Watch out for word choice errors like this one; here, you’ve used the word “lead” when your meaning requires the word “led”.] Therefore, in addition to the Gold Rush in California, the First Opium War significantly contributed to the immigration of much Chinese in the 1840s into the United States.

Experiences faced After Arrival

The Chinese immigration into the United States was met with a mixture of reactions. First, they worked in the gold mines, but as theallure of gold reduced, they took factory and agricultural jobs particularly in the clothing industry. Even so, some of them became entrepreneurs in their own right. Judy Yung, an eye witness gives an account in, “In Unbound Feet: A Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco,” where she describes the influence of the traditional habitsof her great grandma who migrated to the U.S. in 1893.[6][This is a good example of a spacing error; here, “eye witness” should be “eyewitness”.] Because the Chinese beliefs forbid women from being seen in public, her great-grandmother took in sewing to make extra coins. Many who arrived after the Gold Rush simply came to work. However, it is worth pointing out that the Chinese migrants were predominantly instrumental in the construction of roads in the foreign land. The Chinese people could be found nearly everywhere in the region and almost all the industries. They are best remembered for their greatinvolvement in the building of the Transcontinental Railroad that not only united the country culturally but economically as well. However, in spite of their crucial role, they underwent severe mistreatment and exploitation.

The Chinese were discriminated against concerning their pay while they were as well forced to work under horrible conditions. The Native Americans, as well as other European immigrants, saw them as economic competitors in addition to racial inferiors. An account by an eyewitness, Kwang Chang Ling records;[You actually need a colon, not a semi colon, here.]

“In the 1870s, Denis Kearney rose from the docks of San Francisco to become the leader of the Anti-Chinese movement. His fiery speeches consisted largely of accusing Chinese of stealing jobs from white Americans…”[7]

They, as a result, facilitated the enactment of biased laws as well as the commission ofgeneral acts of violence against the Chinese people.The formedanti-Chinese movement as Ling points out worked unremittingly to divest the Chinese of sources of earning a living.[8] The intentions of such actionsweremere to drive the Chinese people out of the country. As a result of this hostility, the Chinese efforts to become Americans was thwarted.[This is a good example of a subject and verb agreement error; here you’ve matched a plural subject, “efforts”, with a singular noun, “was thwarted”.  To correct this, simply replace the verb with the plural form, “were thwarted”.] In an open letter to Bigler, which was published by The Daily Alta California on May 15, 1852, Norman Asing records that the California Governor was among those who turned against the Chinese by pointing out that the Chinese were unable to become Americans.[9]It even compelled them to flee to Chinatowns on the coastlines where they found livelihood as well as safety. Fortunately for them, they could at least make a meager existence in the ghettos. However, this meant that they were separated from the rest of the population and therefore, it proved impossible to integrate into the conventional society.

To make it worse, they were always criticized for their inability to assimilate with the other population. It was even harder for the Chinese women for the reason that their traditional beliefs compelled them to live a life of confinement. Connie Young Yu, notes;[This is a good example of a semi colon error; here, you need to use a colon instead.]

“Ounce in San Francisco, Grandmother lived a life of confinement, as did her mother-in-law before her. When she went out, even in Chinatown, she was ridiculed for her bound feet. People tried to mock her, ‘Jhat!’”[10]

Even though some of the Chinese immigrants had the will to assimilate with the American culture, their own culture proved an obstacle to achievingthat foot.[11] Thus, it contributed to their continued assimilation for so many years after. Ting points out that a Chinese only needed to challenge their tradition to become an American. As expected, tradition is not just something that is broken.[12]

View of Native-born Americans and Chinese Immigrants

Initial reaction to the influx of the Chinese immigrants to the United States during the 19^th century had mixed responses. Some native-born American viewed the Chinese as competition even though a majority of the employees at the gold mines were pleased with the new source reliable and cheap labor.[13]When the Central Pacific Railroad Company initiated the construction of the first coast-to-coast railroad, they considered the Chinese as an opportunity for cheap labor. In just a few years,the workforce on the railway project comprised of about ninety percent of Chinese men. While some of the Chinese immigrants were merchants, a lot of them were working class laborers and rural farmers. Nonetheless, the sources of gold declined while the railway project was finally completed meaning that unemployment in California along with the other surrounding areas rose. This, as a result, changed the reaction of the Chinese immigrants in the region. It varied from the anti-Chinese legislation to anti-immigrant violence and discrimination in hiring.

The western laborers perceived the influx of Chinese immigrants into the country as a threat to their source of revenue. It culminated in deadly anti-Chinese uprisings in San Franciscoand Los Angeles in the 1870s.This consequently led to the passing of the Chinese Execution Act in 1882 by the United States federal legislature.[14] Even so, it was just the first of the many to come. Many other laws followed suit seeking to implement restrictions to many nationality immigrants. The Chinese Exclusion Act along with the following anti-immigrant policies was aimed at explicitly excluding the Asians from migrating to the United States. Even so, the acts were time and again reviewed before the Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed later in the 20^th century. But what was the view of the Americans towards the immigration in this respect? Native Americans claimed that the Chinese immigration dropped the wages and that they declined to blend in despite their years of stay. Furthermore, they argued that the Chinese immigrants threatened the American morals through the use of opium together with prostitution given that there were inadequate Chinese women.

The view of the Chinese immigration in the United States can be best explained by how the Americans saw the cultural and racial difference in the 19^th century. At the time, Native Americans highly considered natural and social science as opposed to the interpretations of the Bible, in seeking justification and analysis of perceptions of racial inferiority and superiority.[15] For this reason, the theory of Social Darwinism was extensivelyrecognized by the Native Americans. [This is another good example of the use of the passive voice.  See if you can revise this to be in the active voice.] The methodcaughtrobust appeal to the natives since it provided ascientific explanation of various groups as well as individuals. With it, they sought to reconsider the influx of immigrants into the country and the in particular Chinese immigrants. As of the 1880s, the Chinese migrants were seen as not just an undesirable and inferior populace, but as well as a danger to the American culture, Native Americans and the government.[16]They found it difficult to comprehend why the Chinese immigrants lived in such crowded places with poor conditions. Also, they could not understand why they worked for very quiet ways despite the hard work they had to endure.

Most Native Americans concluded that the Chinese immigrants possessed super-human powers probably from their mysterious religion as well as their unique and secluded culture. Besides, there were notions that their smoking of opium drove then to accept the situation and proceed to work hard in spite of the challenges they faced. Novelists have provided stories which reveal that the Chinese immigrants were outwardly humble as well as compliant even though they were secretlymenacing in crafty.[You have two errors in this sentence; first, whenever you introduce a clause with the relative pronoun “which”, you should separate it with a comma.  Second, you’ve got another word choice error – here you’ve written “in crafty” when your meaning actually requires the words “and crafty”.] Examples of these novels include the Yellow Peril stories which as well speculates on the fact that the massive immigration by the Chinese to the United States was propelled by their intention to take over the government and replace the American culture.

International Events that Shaped Chinese Immigration Debate

The federal government sought to address the issue of Chinese immigration into the United States by limiting the influx. However, the government was torn between appeasing the West and evading offense to China. Therefore, President Rutherford Hayes appointed a diplomat in 1880 to discuss a new accord with China concerning the immigration of the Chinese.[17] The negotiation resulted in the Angell Treaty, which allowed the United States to constrain, but not entirelyforbids the immigration of the Chinese.Still, in 1882, Congress approved the Chinese Exclusion Act, which became the first restriction policy on immigration to be imposed in the history of the United States. The Act made it compulsory for every Chinese person seeking to travel in or out of the nation to bring a document of identification. Charlie Chin notes that the laws were draconian and meant that many Chinese and Chinese Americans could no longer have families in U.S.[18] In line with the terms of the Angell Treaty, all Chinese laborers, both skilled and unskilled, were adjournedfor ten years. For both the Congress and the President of the United States, the real test was in the balancing of the domestic politics and the attitude, which had spurred great debate.

In 1888, Congress passed what was referred as the Scott Act that barred the Chinese immigrants from going back to the United States following their visits to China. The Government of China vehemently objected the move but the federal government consequently prolonged the Chinese Exclusion Act for an unspecified period.In the end, the internaldynamicseventuallyoutmaneuvered the transnational concerns. However, the introduction of massive globalization in America towards the end of the 19^th century also shaped the debates over Chinese immigration. American scholars started to see the importance of the Chinese presence in the country as a matter of international concern

All the facts shown above, it is not conceivable to envisage the role of migration in the future of America, it is informative to appreciate the history.[19] The present day resentment, as well as debates surrounding migrants in the United States,is echoed throughout the history of the country. However, what is more, astounding is the fact that nearly all the common fears concerning immigration about the influence of migrants have been proven wrong by history.About the perspectives of the Chinese immigrants in the 19^thcentury, it demonstrates that the current debates concerning the issue are an intermittent one concern. Besides, while the assimilation of some immigrants may take time, history records that they broaden the American society a myriad of positive ways.[20]This is evident with how the Chinese are credited for their immense contribution towards the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad. Therefore, in spite of all the debates relating to the immigration in the United States today, it is worth recognizing that migration has significantly contributed to numerous social, political and economic processes, which are foundational to the country.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography

Asing, by Norman. “The Early Years” "Becoming American: The Chinese Experience. Norman Asing Eyewitness | PBS". Pbs.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ce_witness1.html.

Chin, Charlie. “Bachelor Society” Becoming American: The Chinese Experience. Eyewitness | PBS". Pbs.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ce_witness5.html.

Gish Jen.“Becoming American,” Becoming American: The Chinese Experience.Eyewitness, 2 | PBS". Pbs.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ce_witness14.html.

Hipsman, Faye, and Doris Meissner. "Immigration In The United States: New Economic, Social, Political Landscapes With Legislative Reform On The Horizon." Migrationpolicy.Org. Last modified 2013. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/immigration-united-states-new-economic-social-political-landscapes-legislative-reform.

Hirschman, Charles. "The Contributions Of Immigrants To American Culture." Daedalus 142, no. 3 (2013): 26-47.

Hirschman, Charles. "The Impact Of Immigration On American Society: Looking Backward To The Future." Borderbattles.Ssrc.Org. Last modified 2006. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://borderbattles.ssrc.org/Hirschman/printable.html.

Hooper, Kate, and Jeanne Batalova. "Chinese Immigrants In The United States." Migrationpolicy.Org. Last modified 2015. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/chinese-immigrants-united-states.

Lin, Maya. “Identity and Multiple Influences” Becoming American: The Chinese Experience. Eyewitness | PBS". Pbs.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ce_witness10.html.

Ling, Kwang Chang.“A Response to Hate,”"Becoming American: The Chinese Experience.Eyewitness | PBS". Pbs.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ce_witness2.html.

"Milestones: 1866–1898 - Office Of The Historian". History.State.Gov. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/chinese-immigration.

"The Beginnings Of China’S Emigration To America « Poeticwaves.Net | Angel Island, Chinese-American Immigration History (Tour, Poems, Photos, Timeline, History)." Poeticwaves.Net. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.poeticwaves.net/the-beginnings-of-chinas-emigration-to-america/.

"The Chinese Experience In 19Th Century America". Teachingresources.Atlas.Illinois.Edu. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://teachingresources.atlas.illinois.edu/chinese_exp/introduction04.html.

Ting, Samuel C.C. “Cultural Inheritance” Becoming American: The Chinese Experience. Samuel C.C. Ting Eyewitness, 2 | PBS". Pbs.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ce_witness9.html.

Turner, Laura Leddy. "Chinese Immigrants In The 19Th Century | Synonym". Classroom.Synonym.Com. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://classroom.synonym.com/chinese-immigrants-19th-century-10527.html.

Walter, Yvonne. "Asian Americans And American Immigration And Naturalization Policy." American Studies Journal. Last modified 2007. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.asjournal.org/49-2007/asian-americans-and-american-immigration-and-naturalization-policy/.

Wei, William. "The Chinese-American Experience: An Introduction." Immigrants.Harpweek.Com. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://immigrants.harpweek.com/ChineseAmericans/1Introduction/BillWeiIntro.htm.

Yu, Connie Young. “Women in Chinatown,” Becoming American: The Chinese Experience. Eyewitness | PBS". Pbs.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ce_witness18.html.

Yung, Judy. “Bound Feet” Becoming American: The Chinese Experience.Eyewitness | PBS". Pbs.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ce_witness16.html.

Zia, Helen. “Challenging the Stereotype,” Becoming American: The Chinese Experience.Eyewitness, 2 | PBS". Pbs.Org. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 17, 2017. http://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ce_witness8.html.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Why Chinese moved to America and their experiences

The Chinese migration to the US happened I two parts. The first wave of immigrants occurred in the 1850s to the late 1880s where it was halted by the Chinese execution Act which aimed at restricting further immigrants from getting to the US. [Be sure to separate the relative pronoun “which” from the previous part of the sentence with a comma.] The second batch migrated to the US in the 197s after the execution Act was repealed and normalized. Ever since Chinese have been moving to the US based on existing relationships between the two governments. The free movement has made the Chinese population be largest number of immigrants from other countries.  Chinese immigrants faced several challenges including racism, violence, destruction of their property and legislation of laws that prevented them from moving into the US and settle.

Some reasons made these immigrants move to the US. In the early 1850s, the economic pressures coupled with political unrest forced a significant number to go to the western part of the US in search of a livelihood and a means of escaping political temperatures.  That period was quite challenging in China because the National People Congress was establishing and these immigrants could not sustain its demands. They had to move out in search of peace. The other issue of economic pressure forced people out. There were no jobs in China and poverty was gripping up. The only option was to resort to different jobs that could only be available through immigration.

The Chinese immigrants secured manual and semi-skilled jobs in manufacturing, rail construction, mining, and service industries.  The statistics of then indicated that more than 300,000 Chinese had immigrated to the US though half of them returned. The migration and experiences of Chinese to America was affected by the passing of Chinese Exclusion Act which prevented further immigration.  There were also cases of violence and anti-Chinese sentiments targeting the Chinese population. American natives saw Chinese as a threat to jobs and security. They wanted them returned, and this brought the stay of Chinese in the US unbearable. There were also situations in which the Chinese would be detained and interrogated before being allowed to the US. The act provided more challenges than those already existing in crossing the ocean. The repealing of the law gave the Chinese an opportunity to be recognized as American citizens.

The process of immigration brought a lot regarding cultural diversity and changes in norms and culture. Immigration came with changes in culture as individuals had to change their cultures in order to fit into the new culture. Just like any other immigrant groups, Chinese immigrants were also affected by issues of global immigration and acculturation that shaped their lives. Each immigrant group came to the US with different cultures, and a dominant culture was developed according to melting pot theory of cultural assimilation. The real American natives wanted immigrants who could quickly change their ways of life to fit into the American culture.  Chinese immigrants were seen as people who could not fit in that is why there was an immense rebellion of their stay in the US. [This is a good example of a run on sentence; a run on sentence occurs when you join two independent sentences improperly.  (Your second sentence begins with the words “That is why”.) To correct this, simply insert a period between the two sentences, add a semi colon between the two sentences, or add a comma and a coordinating conjunction {for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) between the two sentences.]

There are four paths in which the Chinese established themselves that helped to shape their lives. There was one group of immigrants who moved to the US and occupied the common areas where they settled, secured employment and assimilated to fit into the society. The other batch arrived and settled in poverty stricken areas where they could be looking for a job as they bid to acculturate to the rest of the community. The last batch that came kept their culture but juggled to fit into the American culture slowly.

The culture was the dominant factor, and Chinese had to shape their lives to fit into the society if they were to receive less opposition. The onset of repealing the exclusion act opened doors for interactions between immigrants and the natives.  Acculturation was further accelerated by the demand for formal education that allowed children to interact and acclimatized into the new culture from their young age. Ever since Chinese have been able to fit into the American culture. The positive relationship existing between the two countries has made it easier for immigrants.

The American natives saw the presence of Americans as a threat and there was a need to curb their increasing numbers.  The Chinese immigrations viewed their immigration to America as a means of securing employment and making some decent income.

The nativism of the Americans made it harder for Asian immigrants. Violence intensified towards the Chinese immigrants. Several efforts were made to bring a stop to immigration from China. The immigration restriction league was a movement that was established in 1894 to champion against the influx of undesired immigrants from the Asian part of the world. These people were seen as a bad influence to the American way of life. They were also seen to affect the wage rate that could later accelerate poverty and increase in crime in the US. The movement had branches I major parts of the country.

The Chinese Exclusion Act restricted free immigration. It meant to stop immigration of both skilled and semi-skilled laborer’s from working in the US for ten years. Those who disobeyed the act were beaten and detained. Immigration reduced, and those who had to migrate had to receive certificates from their countries. 

The Francisco riot of 1877 targeted the chance and led to deaths and destruction of property. The ethnic violence was targeted to the Chinese working in most sectors of the country. They were seen to have denied people a chance to employment as well as lowering wages. The violence lasted for two days and saw Chinese who owned properties such as laundry being destroyed.

The formation of American party made immigration worse. It was established on the idea that “Chinese must go.” The party appealed to most American natives who later supported the party. Since the inception of the party, there was an increase of xenophobic attacks targeting Chinese.

The attacks against the Chinese created a different perception to the Chinese people who saw xenophobic attacks as a means of sending them away. The felt that they were no longer wanted and the only way was to change the law or for them to fight for their rights through a war. 

The global events in the 1880s had an impact on shaping the debates on Chinese migration. The world was experiencing change both from the European revolution to growth I economic superiority. During this period, each country was struggling to establish itself, and there were no international relations. European superpowers were developing their armies. During that time, slavery was almost coming to an end. The main underlying issues during this period was equality regarding employment. [This is another good example of lack of subject and verb agreement; here you’ve matched the plural subject “issues” with the singular verb “was”.  To correct this, be sure to change the verb to the plural form, “were”.] The time had marked more than three decades after the celebration of Independence Day in the US.

The world was now competing in issues of economy, space, scientific innovation and the arms race. The issue of Chinese immigration was not under the spotlight, and it only remained as a matter between the US government and the Chinese government. The 1880s was a period when human rights laws had not been affected. The Chinese continued to experience human rights violation, and nothing much could be done. Political pressures worsened the issue of xenophobic attacks and racism. The Chinese nationals persevered with hope f better laws and protection.

Th 1880s period witnessed several assassinations globally.[Watch out for spelling errors such as this one; here you’ve used “Th” instead of “The”.]  Individuals who were seen to champion for the rights of the minority were assassinated. The assassination exerted fear among leaders and allowed racism and attacks on working Chinese to continue experiencing worst treatment. The period had less from the international community that could help liberate the Chinese from mistreatment by the natives.  The blacks, on the other hand, had received better treatment, and it was now time for the Chinese to be freed and accorded better treatment.

The issue of immigration and migrants have been a torn in the American society. [Word choice error – “torn” for “tear”.] The different governments that have assumed office have had varied opinions on the issues of immigration. America has been at the center stage in welcoming people from other countries on issues of asylum and economic empowerment. The process has been ongoing, but scrutiny and vetting have taken the lead.

Immigration is a controversial aspect. It has taken political view right from the time of Chinese immigration. Currently, immigration is seen as a threat to internal security and jobs. The American people consider current immigration into the issue as uncalled for and should be stopped.

On matters of security, immigration has led to terrorism on American soil and increased criminal gangs and activities. There have been challenges associated with migrants from developing countries whom on arrival fail to find meaningful jobs. The pressure has led to the crime. The other issue is terrorism. Since the September 11th incident, the Ushas acted tough on immigrants and foreigners who move to the US. [Spacing error – “Ushas” should be “U.S. has”.] The government has been able to enact legislations such as the Patriot Act which gives more powers to justice departments to access one’s private life. [Don’t forget to set off the relative clause here with a comma between the words “Act” and “which”.]

The current administration is acting tough on legislation. There has been a ban on foreign immigrants, and this is seen as an effort to improve security. Issues of cybersecurity are now on the rise, and the government has put in measure to protect the country and guarantee peace to the American citizen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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