50. A high pressure system is a(n):
a. Cyclone
b. Shortwave
c. Longwave trough
d. Anticyclone
The Solid Earth
51. The thickest layer found in the interior of the Earth is the _____.
a. Mantle
b. Inner Core
c. Outer Core
d. Asthenosphere
52. The inner core is made up of _________.
a. Liquid nickel-iron
b. Solid nickel-iron
c. Molten rock
d. Solid rock
53. When seismic waves are generated, P-waves will not penetrate through a liquid.
a. True
b. False
54. The outer core of the Earth is made up of _____.
a. Liquid nickel-iron
b. Solid nickel-iron
c. Molten rock
d. Solid rock
55. Oceanic crust is made up of primarily _____.
a. Granite
b. Basalt
c. Quartz
d. Diorite
56. Continental crust is made up primarily of _____.
a. Granite
b. Basalt
c. Quartz
d. Diorite
57. In plate tectonics, old oceanic crust is consumed at _____.
a. Divergent margins
b. Convergent Margins
c. Transform Faults
d. Fallout zones
58. In plate tectonics, new oceanic crust is created at _____.
a. Divergent margins
b. Convergent Margins
c. Transform Faults
d. Fallout zones
59. The Hawaiian Island chain in the Pacific ocean is probably the result of a _____.
a. Hotspot
b. Island Arc c. Spreading center
d. Earthquake zone
60. The tectonic plates move on top of the low density layer of the_____.
a. Lithosphere
b. Asthenosphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Moho
Earthquakes and Volcanoes
61. The oldest parts of the continents are called the continental _____.
a. Cores
b. Centroids
c. Shields
d. Terranes
62. Upward bends in layers of rock are called _____.
a. Synclines
b. Anticlines
c. Shingles
d. Warps
63. When rocks are stressed to the point of fracturing, a _____ develops.
a. Fold
b. Flume
c. Fault
d. Peg
64. _____ rocks were once melted, and cooled on the surface.
a. Metamorphic
b. Igneous intrusive
c. Igneous extrusive
d. Sedimentary
65. _____ rocks were once melted, and cooled deep in the interior of the Earth.
a. Metamorphic
b. Igneous intrusive
c. Igneous extrusive
d. Sedimentary
66. _____ rocks were exposed to extreme heat and pressure, without full melting.
a. Metamorphic
b. Igneous intrusive
c. Igneous extrusive
d. Sedimentary
67. _____ rocks are made up of material once dissolved in water, or bits of other rocks.
a. Metamorphic
b. Igneous intrusive
c. Igneous extrusive
d. Sedimentary
68. The _____ scale is used to measure the amplitude of seismic waves.
a. Richter
b. Moment magnitude c. Schafer
d. Safir-Simpson
69. When earthquake shaking is extreme, _____, can result, where the ground flows like a liquid.
a. P-waves
b. S-Waves
c. Liquifaction
d. Love Waves
70. The greatest hazard during a volcanic eruption is lava.
a. True
b. False
71. Hawaii is a good example of a _____ volcano.
a. Composite
b. Shield\
c. Cinder cone
d. pyroclastic
72. Seismic Tomography makes use of _______________ waves.
a. P and S
b. X and Y
c. Q and R
d. L and N
73. A __________ is a volcanic mudflow, as heavy as wet concrete.
a. Nuee Ardante
b. Ashfall
c. Lahar
d. Hydrolitic Ashflow
74. The __________ is the place where an earthquake begins underground.
a. Epicenter
b. Epicycle
c. Focus
d. Epifocus
75. __________ magma is probably the most explosive.
a. Rhyolitic
b. Andesitic
c. Basaltic
d. Pahoehoe
76. _____ volcanoes are steep, and are composed of alternating layers of ash and lava.
a. Composite
b. Silicic
c. Shield
d. Cinder Cone 77. The three main categories of magma are_____.
a. Igneous, Volcanic, Magmatic
b. Sedimentary, Metamorphic, Igneous
c. Metamorphic, Igneous, Volcanic d. Rhyolitic, Andesitic, Basaltic
78. __________ lava has a smooth, liquid wavy appearance, with lots of gas.
a. A’A
b. Pahoehoe
c. Rhyolitic
79. Volcanic __________ is actually heated powdered rock
a. Granite
b. Ash
c. Basalt
d. Residue
80. When rock is __________ deformed, it is permanently bent into folds.
a. Tensionaly
b. Plastically
c. Fault
d. Solidly
Weathering and Mass Movement
81. This is a type of physical weathering:__________.
a. Hydration
b. Exfoliation
c. Tectonic Uplift
d. Carbonation
82. __________ is the slowest type of mass movement.
a. Slump
b. Creep
c. Fall
d. Slide
83. __________is a type of chemical weathering, involving water.
a. Maxillation
b. Cavitation
c. Hydration
d. Chelation
84. Cavitation is a kind of chemical weathering
a. True
b. False
85. Downslope movement caused by gravity is called _____.
a. Mass movement
b. Erosion
c. Barchan
d. Ventifact River Systems and Landforms
86. The most rapid part of a river or stream is called the __________:
a. Thalweg b. Speed Zone
c. Anthiphonal Current
d. Environmental Drift
87. Traction load refers to particles moving with a “skipping” motion in a river or stream.
a. True
b. False
88. Features such as cut banks and point bars are very typical of _____ streams.
a. Meandering
b. Braided
89. When rivers enter the sea, they deposit material to form _____.
a. Thalwegs
b. Drumlins
c. Deltas
d. Cutbanks
90. This major U.S. city is located primarily below sea level.
a. Memphis
b. Yazoo
c. Blue City
d. New Orleans
Deserts and Aeolian Erosion
91. Small rocks shaped by the wind are sometimes called ventifacts.
a. True
b. False
92. __________are huge “sand seas”, moving dunefields located in deserts.
a. Ergs
b. Regs
c. Hammada
d. Slides
93. Another name for a crescent shaped dune is a _____.
a. Transverse
b. Barchan
c. Dome
d. Longitudinal
94. The famous “Sphinx” of ancient Egypt may have started out as a __________, a large wind-shaped rock.
a. Yardang.
b. Hammada
c. Ventifact
d. Drumlin
95. Fine grained silt and dust blown by the wind into deep deposits over 15,000 years ago is called loess.
a. True
b. False
Oceans and Ocean Landforms 96. A coastline consisting of submerged river valleys is sometimes called a _____ Coast.
a. Barrier Island
b. Emergent
c. Andesitic
d. Ria
97. During the last glacial advance, sea levels were much __________ than today.
a. Absolitic
b. Higher
c. Lower
d. Stable
98. The ocean current that carries sand down a beach is called the _____ current.
a. Strike-Slip
b. Longshore
c. Convergent
d. Reverse
99. Tidal movement in the ocean is primarily caused by the _____.
a. Sun
b. Moon
c. Coriolis force
d. Centrifugal force
100. _____ are circular islands formed in tropical areas by coral reefs.
a. Gilligans
b. Sea stacks
c. atolls
d. Salt marshes

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